This article presents a feasibility study with the objective of investigating the potential of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) to estimate the bone age and sex of deceased persons. To obtain virtual skeletons, the bodies of 22 deceased persons with known age at death were scanned by MDCT using a special protocol that consisted of high-resolution imaging of the skull, shoulder girdle (including the upper half of the humeri), the symphysis pubis and the upper halves of the femora. Bone and soft-tissue reconstructions were performed in two and three dimensions. The resulting data were investigated by three anthropologists with different professional experience. Sex was determined by investigating three-dimensional models of the skull and pelvis. As a basic orientation for the age estimation, the complex method according to Nemeskeri and co-workers was applied. The final estimation was effected using additional parameters like the state of dentition, degeneration of the spine, etc., which where chosen individually by the three observers according to their experience. The results of the study show that the estimation of sex and age is possible by the use of MDCT. Virtual skeletons present an ideal collection for anthropological studies, because they are obtained in a non-invasive way and can be investigated ad infinitum.

/pdf/estimation-of-sex-and-age-of-virtual-skeletons-a-feasibility-3ti5xc7b14.pdf

Estimation of sex and age of "virtual skeletons"--a feasibility study.

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https://www.radiographyonline.com/article/S1078-8174(13)00118-1/pdf

Forensic radiology: The role of cross-sectional imaging in virtual post-mortem examinations

Summary During the last few years, modern cross-sectional imaging techniques have pioneered forensic medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging and especially multislice computed tomography are becoming increasingly implemented into post-mortem examinations. These non-invasive techniques can augment and even partially replace a traditional autopsy. Beside the radiological imaging techniques, the methods of three-dimensional surface scanning and photogrammetry are used for the documentation of the external findings of the body. To realize the goal of a minimal-invasive autopsy, other tools like post-mortem biopsy and post-mortem angiography have been developed. In analogy to the clinical use of biopsy and angiography these techniques will permit post-mortem tissue sampling for further analyses and enable post-mortem examinations of the vascular system. With the use of these methods, a minimally invasive, objective and investigatorindependent documentation of forensic cases can be realized to reach quality improvements in forensic pathological investigations.

Virtopsy-Radiology in Forensic Medicine

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Virtopsy-Radiology in Forensic Medicine