Recent developments in physical, biological, chemical, and hybrid treatment techniques for removing emerging contaminants from wastewater.

Cultivating microalgae in wastewater for biomass production, pollutant removal, and atmospheric carbon mitigation; a review.

Biochar as a stable carbon-rich material shows incredible potential to handle water/wastewater contaminants. Its application is gaining increasing interest due to the availability of feedstock, the simplicity of the preparation methods, and their enhanced physico-chemical properties. The efficacy of biochar to remove organic and inorganic pollutants depends on its surface area, pore size distribution, surface functional groups, and the size of the molecules to be removed, while the physical architecture and surface properties of biochar depend on the nature of feedstock and the preparation method/conditions. For instance, pyrolysis at high temperatures generally produces hydrophobic biochars with higher surface area and micropore volume, allowing it to be more suitable for organic contaminants sorption, whereas biochars produced at low temperatures own smaller pore size, lower surface area, and higher oxygen-containing functional groups and are more suitable to remove inorganic contaminants. In the field of water/wastewater treatment, biochar can have extensive application prospects. Biochar have been widely used as an additive/support media during anaerobic digestion and as filter media for the removal of suspended matter, heavy metals and pathogens. Biochar was also tested for its efficiency as a support-based catalyst for the degradation of dyes and recalcitrant contaminants. The current review discusses on the different methods for biochar production and provides an overview of current applications of biochar in wastewater treatment.

Biochar for Wastewater Treatment—Conversion Technologies and Applications

Nanofiltration plays an increasingly large role in many industrial applications, such as water treatment (e.g., desalination, water softening, and fluoride removal) and resource recovery (e.g., alk...

Sharpening Nanofiltration: Strategies for Enhanced Membrane Selectivity.

Dye wastewater released from several dyes induced industries are harmful towards the living, non-living environment and human. Consequently, existence of dye in water bodies is becoming a rising concern to environmentalists and citizens. Dye wastewater should be treated prior to release in an open water body to minimize its negative impacts. A long term sustainable and efficient treatment methods should be established to reduce and overcome the impacts. Although there have been significant advances in the management and treatment of such effluent using physical, chemical and biological methods. However, due to lack of information on effective dye removal methods, it is difficult to decide on a single unique technique that resolves the prevailing dye wastewater. Therefore, this paper reviews recent research on various (physical, chemical, biological, advanced oxidation process (AOPs) and hybrid) dye removal methods to compare efficiency, evaluation performance, merits and demerits. Among the existing methods, most of them have a common disadvantage which is the generation of secondary pollutes, takes long time and costly. This paper especially highlights AOPs method for dye removal as these are known as one of the promising and most effective dye removal techniques these days. This paper also suggests the application of AOPs methods possess the best performance in terms of faster dye removing as well as cost effective, time oriented and environmentally friendly. Additionally, this paper addressed the difficulties and future prospects of this emerging method that links to sustainable development. 

Performance Evaluation Of Dye Wastewater Treatment Technologies: A Review

In the present study, Chooka’s Wastewater treatment was investigated using different combinations of adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, and membrane filtration process. Polymeric membranes were fabricated using wet phase inversion method employing polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and dimethylformamide (DMF) as a polymer matrix, hydrophilic additive, and solvent, respectively. Activated carbon and TiO2 nanoparticles were selected as an adsorbent and photocatalyst, respectively. TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method and activated carbon was purchased from Merck Company. Liquid-liquid displacement (LLDP), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and contact angle tests were implemented to characterize the fabricated membranes. FT-IR and XRD analysis were also used for TiO2 nanoparticles characterization. The wastewater of Iran pulp and paper factory (Chooka) was used as the feed in separation processes. In hybrid separation systems, 6 different configurations were considered and wastewater compositions were measured to determine the effectiveness of the utilized processes before and after treatment. Accordingly, the mean pore size of the fabricated PAN/PVP (16%/3%) membrane obtained from LLDP analysis was 9.72 nm. SEM results also indicated thicker active layer for the PAN/PVP membrane than that of the neat PAN membrane. According to the results of the contact angle tests, with the increasing of PVP content in the polymer matrix, the hydrophilicity of membranes improved. It was also found that membrane filtration had the best performance among single stage processes and the best separation performance was achieved when photocatalytic degradation, adsorption, and membrane filtration were used in series, respectively.

Wastewater treatment using a hybrid system combining adsorption, photocatalytic degradation and membrane filtration processes

Lower and upper critical solution temperatures of binary polymeric solutions

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Wastewater treatment using a hybrid system combining adsorption, photocatalytic degradation and membrane filtration processes

Lower and upper critical solution temperatures of binary polymeric solutions