Animal genotyping by means of genome-wide association studies is important for connecting phenotypes of interest with their underlying genetics in livestock. However, the use of whole genome sequencing to investigate chest circumference (CC) in donkeys has rarely been reported. We aimed to use the genome-wide association study approach to detect significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and key genes associated with chest circumference traits in Xinjiang donkeys. We assessed 112 Xinjiang donkeys in this study. The chest circumference of each was measured 2 h before milking. We re-sequenced blood samples from the Xinjiang donkeys, and genome-wide association study analyses were performed using a mixed model with the PLINK, GEMMA, and REGENIE programs. We tested 38 donkeys for candidate SNPs for genome-wide association study using three software programs. Additionally, 18 SNP markers reached genome-wide significance (p < 1.61 × 10−9). On the basis of these, 41 genes were identified. Previously proposed candidate genes for CC traits were supported by this study, including NFATC2 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 2), PROP1 (PROP Paired-Like Homeobox 1), UBB (Ubiquitin B), and HAND2 (Heart and Neural Crest Derivatives Expressed 2). These promising candidates provide a valuable resource for validating potential meat production genes and will facilitate the development of high-yielding Xinjiang donkey breeds through marker-assisted selection or gene editing.

/pdf/a-genome-wide-association-study-of-the-chest-circumference-2e2inptv.pdf

A Genome-Wide Association Study of the Chest Circumference Trait in Xinjiang Donkeys Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing Technology

Bacterial biofilm contamination has caused significant damage to the medical and food industries, and there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial coatings to address this problem. In this study, temperature-sensitive coatings with bacteria-killing and bacteria-releasing functions were prepared based on silicone rubber (SR) surfaces by ultraviolet (UV) polymerization and UV photocatalysis. Firstly, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) was formed into poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) by UV polymerization and grafted onto the SR surface. Then, Ag+ was rapidly reduced to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by tannic acid (TA) under UV catalysis to form TA@Ag complexes, depositing onto the SR surface. The modified SR surface has an extremely strong and persistent bactericidal effect, greatly inhibiting the formation of bacterial biofilm. Moreover, the smart surface can effectively release bacteria and resist bacterial adhesion through temperature changes. Moreover, the modified SR surface did not exhibit cytotoxicity against mouse epithelioid fibroblasts (L929). Taken together, the smart SR surface has antibacterial ability and good biocompatibility, which is a promising medical material. 

Intelligent antibacterial surface with controllable sterilization and bacteria-releasing ability

Both acute and chronic tendon injuries are the most frequently occurring musculoskeletal diseases in human and veterinary medicine, with a limited repertoire of successful and evidenced-based therapeutic strategies. Inflammation has been suggested as a key driver for the formation of scar and adhesion tissue following tendon acute injury, as well as pathological alternations of degenerative tendinopathy. However, prior efforts to completely block this inflammatory process have yet to be largely successful. Recent investigations have indicated that a more precise targeted approach for modulating inflammation is critical to improve outcomes. The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is a typical proinflammatory signal transduction pathway identified as a key factor leading to tendon disorders. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism or regulation of NF-κB in tendon disorders will aid in developing targeted therapeutic strategies for human and veterinary tendon disorders. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about molecular components and structures of basal NF-κB proteins and two activation pathways: the canonical activation pathway and the non-canonical activation pathway. Furthermore, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of the NF-κB signaling pathway in fibrosis and adhesion after acute tendon injury, as well as pathological changes of degenerative tendinopathy in all species and highlight the effect of targeting this signaling pathway in tendon disorders. However, to gain a comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms underlying tendon disorders, further investigations are required. In the future, extensive scientific examinations are warranted to full characterize the NF-κB, the exact mechanisms of action, and translate findings into clinical human and veterinary practice. 

pdf/the-roles-and-mechanisms-of-the-nf-kb-signaling-pathway-in-4s2g3blfon.pdf

The roles and mechanisms of the NF-κB signaling pathway in tendon disorders

Abstract Functional tendon regeneration faces dual challenges: limited self‐healing capacity and the complexity of three hierarchical interfaces—the myotendinous junction (MTJ), tendon proper, and bone‐tendon junction (BTJ). Conventional repair strategies often fail to address these critical barriers, resulting in a higher probability of re‐tear after the surgery. 3D bioprinting emerges as a transformative approach, enabling recapitulation of these multiscale interfaces through precise structural design, functional material gradients, and bioactive integration. This review comprehensively analyzes recent advances in bioprinted tendon scaffolds, focusing on tripartite structural‐biological requirements across MTJ, tendon proper, and BTJ microenvironments. Critical examination is given to the synergistic regulation of bioprinting technologies and material diversity for replicating native mechanobiological cues. Furthermore, innovative scaffold design strategies target each interface's unique regeneration challenges: anisotropic muscle‐tendon integration, load‐bearing tendon remodeling, and mineralized osteotendinous regeneration. Finally, translational roadblocks and future directions are assessed, emphasizing in vivo functional reintegration of the muscle‐to‐bone continuum and scalable manufacturing for clinical adoption. 

Trifecta of Tendon Regeneration: 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds Recapitulate Hierarchical Interfaces From Muscle‐to‐Bone

The utilization of Nigella sativa L., commonly known as black cumin, in traditional and medicinal practices is well-documented, attributing to its wide-ranging biological activities. Given its significance, this study explores the efficacy of various seed priming treatments (control, distilled water, potassium humate, and gibberellic acid) under laboratory and field conditions to enhance the early growth stages of Nigella sativa L. Priming treatments aimed to improve germination rates, plant height, and other growth parameters, potentially translating into increased agricultural productivity. According to results plant height ranged from 52.38 to 58.91 cm, number of branches between 3.76 and 3.98 (branch plant-1). The number of capsules varied from 4.93 to 6.81 (capsule plant-1), capsule seed weight was between 0.19 and 0.22 (gram capsule-1 ), and the thousand-seed weight ranged from 2.26 to 2.39 grams. The germination rate ranged from 78% to 93%, germination index 4.22-5.83 and mean germination time was observed from 4.27 to 4.82 days. Our findings reveal significant effects of priming on germination parameters and plant height, this offering insights into the potential of these treatments to optimize crop growth. However, the transition of these benefits to field conditions, particularly yield-related parameters, appeared limited, suggesting the complex nature of growth enhancement strategies and their implications for agricultural practices. 

pdf/effects-of-seed-priming-on-germination-of-nigella-sativa-l-12ar39d1y2.pdf

Effects of Seed Priming on Germination of Nigella sativa L. and Comparison of Germination Performance with Yield Parameters in Field Conditions

In the spring of 2022, researchers from the University of Mosul’s Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry conducted an experiment on a vegetable field. In this experiment, we looked at three variables: first, the effects of two different potato cultivars (Montreal and EL-Beida). For the second part, we soaked potatoes in a solution of potassium humate with a concentration of (0, 0.5, 1 g L-1). Therefore, the experiment had 18 treatments (2 3 3), with the third factor being Nano-calcium fertilizer with three concentrations of (0, 1.5, and 2.5 g L-1) applied to plants at three stages of plant growth: the first 20 days after full germination, the second and third stages, with a 20-day interval between addition and another. Cultivars were positioned in the primary plots, with the interaction between two additional variables located in sub-plots, as part of a factorial experiment inside a split-plot utilizing the Randomized Complete Block Design with three repetitions. Duncan’s multiple range test for comparing means was used to analyze the data at a 5% significance level. This leads to the following conclusion: Of the cultivars tested, the Montreal variety performed best when soaked in potassium humate at two different concentrations, increasing both leaf area and dry matter percentage in the vegetative development (0.5 and 1). both total chlorophyll content and leaf area were significantly increased by g.L-1. The best statistically significant data for plant height, number of aerial stems, and leafy area were obtained after spraying calcium Nano-fertilizer at two doses.

Effect of Soaking Tubers in Potassium Humate and Foliar Application of Nano-Calcium Fertilizer on some Growth Traits of Two Potato Cultivars

The Horticulture Department & Landscape Design/College of Agriculture at the University of Mosul conducted the study in two cultivation systems (unheated plastic house and open field) connected to the fields to examine the effects of using the liquid nutrient (Nektafol) at concentrations (0,2,4,6 mlL-1) on the vegetative growth characteristics, quantitative and qualitative yield of plants of lettuce (Quantum variety). Three replications of the experiment were used, and the averages were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% level of probability. The experiment was conducted utilizing split. Plot. System. with R.C.B.D. Design. The characteristics of vegetative development and the quantitative and qualitative yield can be summed up as follows: When compared to plants grown under plastic house, plants that were grown in a field in the open. were significantly better in most of the studied characteristics. It was found that using the liquid nutrient Nektafol at two concentrations of 4 and 6ml L-1 significantly improved the qualities of vegetative growth and the total yield of heads of lettuce, as well as the qualities under open field and plastic house.

Comparison the Effect of an Organic Nutrient (Nektafol) Under Production and Open Field Condition on the Growth and Yield of Lettuce

Abstract This study investigated the effect of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the healing of the severed superficial digital flexor tendon in donkeys (SDFT). Twenty-seven adult donkeys were used in the study. The animals were divided into three equal groups. The first group (control group) in which the severed SDFT was sutured without the addition of any adjuvant. In the second group, there was a suture of severed SDFT with the addition of 1 ml of 1 mM silver nanoparticles (AgNPs group). The third group was subjected to the cutting of SDFT and then the addition of PRF after its suture. Each group of animals was divided into three equal subgroups that were examined after 1, 2, and 3 months. Each group of animals was clinically evaluated by assessing lameness. Gross and microscopic examinations of the healed tendons were performed after 1, 2, and 3 months of surgery. In comparison to the control group, the lameness degree decreased in the PRF and AgNPs groups, particularly in the third month after surgery. Furthermore, the lameness decreased significantly after the 3rd month relative to the 1st-month lameness in the AgNPs group. Interestingly, it was found that the PRF and AgNPs enhanced cell alignment and collagen deposition at the site of tendon injury, particularly among third-month subgroups. Therefore, it could be concluded that the PRF and AgNPs are effective materials for enhancing SDFT healing in donkeys. 

/pdf/silver-nanoparticles-and-platelet-rich-fibrin-accelerate-2gsqc159.pdf

Silver nanoparticles and platelet-rich fibrin accelerate tendon healing in donkey

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Effect of Soaking Tubers in Potassium Humate and Foliar Application of Nano-Calcium Fertilizer on some Growth Traits of Two Potato Cultivars

Comparison the Effect of an Organic Nutrient (Nektafol) Under Production and Open Field Condition on the Growth and Yield of Lettuce

Silver nanoparticles and platelet-rich fibrin accelerate tendon healing in donkey