Key Points Question How did the mean national hospital cost to treat patients with COVID-19 in inpatient settings change over the course of the pandemic? Findings In this cross-sectional study of more than 1.3 million inpatient stays across the US, the adjusted direct cost to provide treatment increased from $10 394 at the end of March 2020 to $13 072 by March 2022, on average, adjusting for patient, stay, and hospital-level characteristics. Significant heterogeneity in costs by the comorbid conditions across US geographic regions and by patient discharge status were observed. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that average hospital cost to provide inpatient treatment during the largest pandemic in more than 100 years in the US increased 26% over a 2-year period; costs to provide inpatient care increased even as care practices changed, vaccination rates increased, and the variants of concern evolved.

Inpatient Costs of Treating Patients With COVID-19

Racial and ethnic health disparities in the incidence and severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been observed globally and in the United States. Research has focused on transmission, hospitalization, and mortality among racial and ethnic minorities, but Long COVID-19 health disparities research is limited. This study retrospectively evaluated 195 adults who survived COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS) in New York City from March-April 2020. Among survivors, 54% met the criteria for Long COVID syndrome. Hispanic/Latinx patients, were more likely to be uninsured (p = 0.027) and were less frequently discharged to rehabilitation facilities (p < 0.001). A cross-sectional telephone survey and interview were conducted with a subset of survivors (n = 69). Among these, 11% reported a lack of follow-up primary care post-discharge and 38% had subsequent emergency room visits. Notably, 38% reported poor treatment within the health care system, with 67% attributing this to racial or ethnic bias. Thematic analysis of interviews identified four perceived challenges: decline in functional status, discrimination during hospitalization, healthcare system inequities, and non-healthcare-related structural barriers. Sources of resilience included survivorship, faith, and family support. This study highlights structural and healthcare-related barriers rooted in perceived racism and poverty as factors impacting post-COVID-19 care. 

Racial and ethnic disparities post-hospitalization for COVID-19: barriers to access to care for survivors of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome

Purpose of review Both human-derived and naturally-occurring disasters stress the surge capacity of health systems and acute care facilities. In this article, we review recent literature related to having a disaster plan, facility planning principles, institutional and team preparedness, the concept of surge capacity, simulation exercises and advantages and disadvantages of each. Recent findings Evidence suggests that every institution should have a disaster plan and a dedicated team responsible for updating this plan. The disaster plan must be people-oriented and incorporate different perspectives and opinions so that all stakeholders feel included and can contribute to a joint response. Simulation exercises are fundamental for preparation so that the team functions seamlessly in uncommon times when disaster management transitions from a theoretical plan to one that is executed in real time. Notably, however, there are significantly different realities related to disaster management between countries and even within the same country or region. Unfortunately, key stakeholders such as hospital administration, board of directors and investors often do not believe they have any responsibility related to disaster management planning or response. Additionally, while a disaster plan often exists within an institution, it is frequently not well known or understood by many stakeholders. Communication, simple plans and well defined roles are some of the most important characteristics of a successful response. In extreme circumstances, adapting civilian facilities to manage high-volume warfare-related injuries may be adopted, but the consequences of this approach for routine healthcare within a system can be devastating. Summary Disaster management requires careful planning with input from multiple stakeholders and a plan that is frequently updated with repeated preparation to ensure the team is ready when a disaster occurs. Close communication as well as clearly defined roles are critical to success when transitioning from preparation to activation and execution of a disaster response. 

Disaster management – preparation and planning for acute care facilities

Gamification i.e., the incorporation of game design elements into non-game contexts, represents a transformative tool in health education. In this sense, the increasingly intertwined fields of technology, education, and health present opportunities for informed decision-making and the training of educators, health professionals, and policymakers. This need to improve teaching and learning methods is particularly evident in the areas of first aid and basic life support (BLS), with the aim of improving clinical results and health outcomes. Our article carried out a narrative review, focusing on the intersection of gamification, technology and first aid/BLS training with the aim of investigating the application of gamification and serious games in emergency medicine with the aim of improving motivation and theoretical and practical skills. of health professionals. In addition, this review emphasizes the role of simulation-based education in first aid skills training, highlighting its contribution to preparing first aiders for real-world scenarios. Ultimately, this review underscores the transformative potential of serious games in medical education, showcasing their effectiveness across diverse contexts. In summary, it enhances comprehension of gamification's role in healthcare and medical education, particularly in first aid training, by underscoring the adaptability and efficacy of serious games in revolutionizing medical and emergency education and healthcare. Nevertheless, it underscores that this remains a relatively underexplored area of knowledge.

https://journals.kmanpub.com/index.php/Health-Nexus/article/download/980/1517

Gamification vs. Teaching First Aid: What Is Being Produced by Science in The Area?

This book chapter proposes a framework for implementing STEM learning technologies to help students develop the 21st-century skills they need to succeed in the modern world. The framework focuses on four key elements: curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development. It also emphasizes the importance of partnerships with the community to provide students with opportunities to apply their skills and knowledge in real-world settings. This framework provides lecturers with a roadmap for integrating STEM learning technologies into the classroom in a way that is effective, engaging, and relevant to the needs of 21st-century students. The framework focuses on addressing the challenges that students face in developing these skills. The chapter outlines a step-by-step approach to implementing STEM technologies, from identifying the specific needs of students to evaluating the effectiveness of the technologies. It also discusses the importance of a collaborative approach, involving students, lecturers, and other stakeholders in the implementation process. 

Framework for Implementing STEM Learning Technologies

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the significance of health disparities across populations with older adults and minoritized groups being disproportionately affected. Data during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated higher infection rates, hospitalization rates, morbidity, and potentially greater mortality in Black, Hispanic, and Native Americans compared to Whites.This is a retrospective cohort study of de-identified patient data from 178 hospitals across the United States. Outcome variables were the length of stay, in-hospital mortality, disease severity, and discharge disposition. Outcomes were stratified by sex and racial groups.Of 45,360 patients, 22% were Black, 35% were Hispanic, 37% were White, and 6% were Other. The overall mortality rate was 15% across all groups but was 17% for White patients, 10% for Black patients, 14% for Hispanic patients, and 15% for patients categorized as Other. However, White patients have higher median age on admission (71 years) compared to Blacks (60 years), Hispanics (57 years), and Other (61 years). Race remained statistically significant in a multivariable model that included age, sex, and race. 6484 patients required ICU admission, intubation, and hemodynamic support. This burden was disproportionate across racial groups, with 15.6% of Blacks and 13.9% of non-Blacks having such critical disease (p < 0.0001, z-test for proportions).In this national study of admitted patients with COVID-19, White patients admitted were older on average compared to other racial/ethnic groups and had a higher mortality rate compared to non-Whites hospitalized for COVID-19. Black patients were significantly more likely to require admission to the ICU, mechanical ventilation, and hemodynamic support. These COVID-19 health disparities highlight the importance of addressing social and structural determinants of health. 

Racial Disparities in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Pit Crew intervention to improve team dynamics and time to performance of critical actions in a prehospital critical care scenario. The primary outcome was successful completion of critical actions and time to completion of these critical actions. Secondary outcomes included effectiveness of communication and overall team functioning.


Methods
The study was conducted with a fire-based Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system with 233 paramedics and 115 Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT). Eight EMS crews comprised of five members each were randomly selected and assigned to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention group (n=20) watched a thirty-minute video prior to the training describing the "Pit Crew Approach;" the control group (n=20) did not watch the video. Each crew was given the same simulation scenario of a pediatric patient that had overdosed on a beta-blocker. Completion of predetermined critical tasks were noted and timestamped. A survey was administered to the participants following the training to assess team dynamics and level of confidence.


Results
Three outcomes were statistically significant between the two arms: The interventional group felt they themselves had a more defined role in the resuscitation in comparison to the non-interventional group (p= 0.021). The interventional group also felt that their team members had a clearer and more defined role than the nonintervention group (p= 0.018). The interventional group also felt more confident managing a beta blocker overdose than the nonintervention group (p.007). The only statistically significant secondary outcome finding was in scene departure decision: the interventional arm spent more time on-scene (p=0.031). Of note, the non-intervention group missed performing tasks more often than the interventional group and team leaders of these groups often performed task(s) while also directing the patient care.


Conclusion
The Pit Crew model was developed to optimize communication and team function. Our data identified that a formal instruction of the pit crew approach to a critical care scenario improved comfort in patient care. Future studies are needed evaluate other methods of training and the effects of continued formal pit-crew training over time.

The A to E (ABCDE) Pit Crew Model: A Novel Approach to Team Based Care of Critical Patients in the Prehospital Setting.

The objective of this case report is to highlight the importance of continued examination and evaluation to correctly diagnose and treat the rare condition of acromioclavicular osteomyelitis and associated septic arthritis. A 51-year-old diabetic male presented with right shoulder pain and overlying cellulitis without history of trauma, intravenous (IV) drug use, lacerations, prostheses or endocarditis later developed septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the acromion and distal clavicle requiring operative management. Decision to re-image the joint using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast after lack of symptomatic improvement was key to making the diagnosis.

Acromioclavicular Osteomyelitis: When Simple Cellulitis Is No Longer Simple.

/pdf/learning-mass-casualty-triage-via-role-play-simulation-1psa8yn1.pdf

Learning Mass Casualty Triage via Role Play Simulation

/pdf/novel-approach-to-quality-improvement-and-patient-safety-34x7qpd0.pdf

Novel Approach to Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Education for Emergency Medicine Residents

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Ayanna Walker

Author Tools

Chat about Author