Industrial automation platforms are experiencing a paradigm shift. New technologies are making their way in the area, including embedded real-time systems, standard local area networks like Ethernet, Wi-Fi and ZigBee, IP-based communication protocols, standard service oriented architectures (SOAs) and Web services. An automation system will be composed of flexible autonomous components with plug & play functionality, self configuration and diagnostics, and autonomic local control that communicate through standard networking technologies. However, the introduction of these new technologies raises important problems that need to be properly solved, one of these being the need to support real-time and quality-of-service (QoS) for real-time applications. This paper describes a SOA enhanced with real-time capabilities for industrial automation. The proposed architecture allows for negotiation of the QoS requested by clients from Web services, and provides temporal encapsulation of individual activities. This way, it is possible to perform an a priori analysis of the temporal behavior of each service, and to avoid unwanted interference among them. After describing the architecture, experimental results gathered on a real implementation of the framework (which leverages a soft real-time scheduler for the Linux kernel) are presented, showing the effectiveness of the proposed solution. The experiments were performed on simple case studies designed in the context of industrial automation applications.

/pdf/a-real-time-service-oriented-architecture-for-industrial-47ffrd2mtb.pdf

A Real-Time Service-Oriented Architecture for Industrial Automation

Safety critical systems are used to reduce the probability of failure that could cause danger to person, equipment or environment. The increasing level of vertical and horizontal integration increases the security risks in automation. Since the risk of security attacks can not be treated as negligible anymore, there is a need to investigate possible security attacks on safety critical communication.

In this paper we show that it is possible to attack PROFIsafe and change the safety-related process data without any of the safety measures in the protocol detecting the attack. As a countermeasure to network security attacks, the concept of security modules in combination with PROFIsafe will reduce the risk of security attacks, and is in line with the security concept defense-in-depth .

Exploring Network Security in PROFIsafe

In modern industry a real-time Ethernet-based control systems are typically used instead of a centralized solution. This is due to the economical reason and to allow easy expansion and modernization of the machines. The distributed architecture enables i.a. the use of hardware emulators instead of the real control object, in a manner transparent to the whole system. This is an advantage because it can be useful for the development of the control system. It will make that cheap and safe testing of complex control systems will be available. The testing process might be performed in a working control system in which part of it (e.g. a control object) has been temporarily replaced by an emulator. However, emulators typically need an increased performance of the real-time communication interface to transfer a large amounts of the service data. In this paper we propose a new method to create high performance real-time, Ethernet-based communication solution which will be suitable for the most demanding applications, for example for the development process and connection with hardware emulators.

The Idea for the Integration of Neuro-Fuzzy Hardware Emulators with Real-Time Network

In the current highly urban zone, home and personal computer devices are implanted in a highly communicative environment. There are computer networks of any kind almost everywhere around us. A potential user can, without any special effort, establish an access to a local network via a wireless or a cable interface in practice anywhere within the public zone. In a given location such access can be run with a good likelihood for more than one local network and via more than one media type. This phenomenon can be observed by an average user. However, please notice that a similar communicative environment was developed in highly industrial zones, and, curiously enough, with easier access. In this article a concept of the utilization of the available communication resources in order to execute communication tasks, depending on various criteria, such as time and safety is being used.

The Concept of a Multi-network Approach for a Dynamic Distribution of Application Relationships

In the process industry, network and system security have become important since the introduction of Ethernet-based fieldbus protocols. As an example, a successful attack on a power plant, supporti ...

/pdf/on-safe-and-secure-communication-in-process-automation-4fg88os6mf.pdf

On safe and secure communication in process automation

http://www.nt.ntnu.no/users/skoge/prost/proceedings/ifac2008/data/papers/1743.pdf

Architectural Concept of Virtual Automation Networks

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Architectural Concept of Virtual Automation Networks