Overlooked injured structures in periorbital trauma could lead to aesthetic and functional deficits. As trauma may affect superficial, middle, and deep components, meticulous survey guided by a structured periorbital trauma classification is needed for proper management. Thus, a new classification for periorbital trauma is proposed to serve this purpose. Periorbital region was defined anatomically by anthropometric landmarks. The periorbital injuries were categorized according to anatomical and clinical basis. The new classification was used to study periorbital trauma cases received at Ain Shams University Hospitals between July 2013 and July 2016 retrospectively. The study included 260 patients: 196 (75.38%) males and 64 (24.62%) females. The type and severity of injury, time of primary intervention, type of surgery performed, and patients' visits to the outpatient clinic were evaluated. The status of the postinjury and postoperative (primary surgery) aesthetic status and functional status were evaluated. The periorbital region was identified. Anatomical categorization of periorbital injuries included periocular, frontal, temporal, and malar regions. Injuries/deficits were categorized into simple, composite, complex, and isolated bony injuries according to the depth and involved tissues. Subsequently, the classification was formulated. In the retrospective study, the incidence of extended simple injuries was the highest, while the least was the extended complex injuries. Functional deficits occurred in 24 patients (9.23%) and aesthetic deficits occurred in 55 patients (21.15%). Required secondary operations for this group included redo of fixation, correction of medial canthal ligament, repair of canalicular system, scar revisions, fat grafting, and creation of natural creases. The results of this study demonstrated that unsatisfactory aesthetic and functional results occurred when injuries of important structures were overlooked, aesthetic units were not respected, and when management was delayed. A three-dimensional, oriented, new classification of periorbital trauma based on anatomical and clinical categorization is proposed to help in identifying injured structures, stimulate the search for other injuries, structure preoperative evaluation, and recommend a surgical plan that would ultimately achieve precise primary repair with best aesthetic and functional outcome.

Periorbital Trauma: A New Classification.

Purpose To describe the use of soft tissue expanders for periocular reconstruction in the presence of limited local tissue availability. Methods A retrospective case series of 5 patients who attended the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital. They presented a reconstructive challenge due either to the presence of periocular scarring or to a marked loss or limitation of normal local skin for reconstruction. The soft tissue expander (SOE-3624 device) was inserted under the skin and subcutaneous tissue at a site selected to provide the desired additional tissue. Over periods of time varying from 6 to 16 weeks, the soft tissue expander was gradually inflated with injections of sterile saline in the outpatient clinic. As soon as the desired amount of additional skin and subcutaneous tissue had been obtained, reconstructive surgery was undertaken. Functional and cosmetic results were the main outcomes of the intervention. Results Four of the patients had the device inserted in the lower eyelid or cheek area and one patient had the device inserted above the eyebrow. No episode of tissue necrosis occurred in our patients. All the devices were tolerated by the patients and were removed without any complications. The implant migrated in one patient, limiting the reconstructive surgery, and one patient had a lateral canthal dehiscence following reconstruction. All patients thought that the surgery had improved their cosmesis. No patient required any additional surgical procedures. Conclusions The authors conclude that the SOE-3624 tissue expander represents a good option in providing additional tissue for periocular reconstruction, particularly in younger patients. It was well tolerated and effective in this series.

The use of soft tissue expanders in periocular reconstruction: a case series.

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The use of soft tissue expanders in periocular reconstruction: a case series.