Radiative cooling, a technology that lowers the temperature of terrestrial objects by dissipating heat into outer space, presents a promising ecologically-benign solution for sustainable cooling. Recent years witness substantial progress in radiative cooling technologies, bringing them closer to commercialization. This comprehensive review provides a structured overview of radiative cooling technologies, encompassing essential principles, fabrication techniques, and practical applications, with the goal of guiding researchers toward successful commercialization. The review begins by introducing the fundamentals of radiative cooling and the associated design strategies to achieve it. Then, various fabrication methods utilized for the realization of radiative cooling devices are thoroughly discussed. This discussion includes detailed assessments of scalability, fabrication costs, and performance considerations, encompassing both structural designs and fabrication techniques. Building upon these insights, potential fabrication approaches suitable for practical applications and commercialization are proposed. Further, the recent efforts made toward the practical applications of radiative cooling technology, including its visual appearance, switching capability, and compatibility are examined. By encompassing a broad range of topics, from fundamental principles to fabrication and applications, this review aims to bridge the gap between theoretical research and real-world implementation, fostering the advancement and widespread adoption of radiative cooling technology.

Radiative Cooling for Energy Sustainability: From Fundamentals to Fabrication Methods Toward Commercialization.

Passive radiative cooling is a method to dissipate excess heat from a material by the spontaneous emission of infrared thermal radiation. For a solar cell, the challenge is to enhance PRC while retaining transparency for sunlight above the bandgap. Here, we design a hexagonal array of cylinders etched into the top surface of silica solar module glass to enhance passive radiative cooling. Multipolar Mie-like resonances in the cylinders are shown to cause antireflection effects in the infrared, which results in enhanced infrared emissivity. Using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry we measure the hemispherical reflectance of the fabricated structures and find the emissivity of the silica cylinder array in good correspondence with the simulated results. The microcylinder array increases the average emissivity between λ = 7.5–16 μm from 84.3% to 97.7%, without reducing visible light transmission.

/pdf/passive-radiative-cooling-of-silicon-solar-modules-with-28imjezm.pdf

Passive Radiative Cooling of Silicon Solar Modules with Photonic Silica Microcylinders

Down‐conversion (DC) is a phenomenon that can enable the observation of photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) values exceeding 100%. A comprehensive study of the DC properties of BaF2–based single crystals with different Er3+ doping levels (1–25 mol.%) is presented. The samples exhibit a PLQY of 110% in the 1550–1650 nm under 405 nm excitation. This remarkable PLQY is attributed to a cross‐relaxation process within the energy levels of Er3+. Furthermore, when considering all emitted photons in the 1000–1650 nm range, the PLQY reaches 153% for a sample doped with 5 mol.% of Er3+. By integrating the emission of this single crystal with a Ge diode, serving as an example of a photovoltaic device sensitive to short‐wave infrared light, a significant enhancement in short‐circuit current is demonstrated. In a broader context, the presented material holds promise for improving the spectral response of low‐bandgap photovoltaic devices.

Pushing the Limits: Down‐Converting Er3+‐Doped BaF2 Single Crystals with Photoluminescence Quantum Yield Surpassing 100%

Enhancing the Up-conversion luminescence using All dielectric Three-Dimensional multiscale anodized aluminum oxide nanowire structure

Enhancing the Efficiency of GaSb Photovoltaic Cell Using Thin-Film Multiscale Haze and Radiative Cooling

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Enhancing the Efficiency of GaSb Photovoltaic Cell Using Thin-Film Multiscale Haze and Radiative Cooling