Lake Eyasi Basin of northern Tanzania plays a pivotal role in the study of human-environment interactions and in understanding human flexibility and adaptability through technological innovations over time and space. In this study, phytoliths from ancient soils and fossil pollen proxies from radiocarbon-dated sequences from Kisimangeda on the north-eastern edge of the Lake Eyasi Basin, are used to interpret trends in climatic changes recorded since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present. We used pollen and phytolith abundances from a core that was recovered on the northern margin of saline Lake Eyasi at the depth of five metres. The application of principal component and cluster analysis, together with linear regression provides insight into dataset structure and grouping with reference to the modern comparative datasets that in turn allow us to classify the various palaeoenvironments and paleohabitats occupied by the late Later Stone Age, Pastoral Neolithic, and Iron Age inhabitants of Kisimangeda. The chronological order, pollen and phytolith records in the studied part of the basin signify palaeoenvironments analogous to the Somalia-Maasai bushland and grassland ecosystems of today. 
Keywords:  Palaeoenvironments; Late Pleistocene; Holocene; pollen; phytoliths; human adaptation

The Reconstruction of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Vegetation Dynamics in Lake Eyasi Basin, Northern Tanzania

In eastern Mediterranean Sea sediments, the titanium to aluminum ratio (Ti/Al) captures relative variability in eolian to riverine derived material, and predominantly integrates climate signals over the Saharan and Sahel regions. Long Ti/Al time series can, therefore, provide valuable records of North African humidity/aridity changes. X-ray fluorescence core scanning (XRF-CS) can generate near-continuous Ti/Al records with relatively modest effort and in an acceptable amount of time, provided that accurate Ti/Al values are acquired. Calibration of the raw XRF-CS data to those of established analytical methods is an important pathway to obtain this required accuracy. We assess how to obtain reliable XRF-CS Ti/Al calibration by using different sets of calibration reference samples for a long sediment record from ODP Site 967 (eastern Mediterranean). The accuracy of reference concentrations and the number of reference samples are important components for reliable calibration. The acquired continuous Ti/Al record allows detailed time-series analysis over the past 3 Ma. A near-direct control of low-latitude insolation on the timing and amplitude of North African aridity/humidity is observed from 3 to ~1.2 Ma. It is evident from our Ti/Al record that the most arid North African intervals (i.e., with longest period and highest amplitude) occur after the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT; ~1.2–0.7 Ma). Concurrently, correlation between North African aridity/humidity (Ti/Al) and higher latitude climate signals (ice-volume variability) increases around the MPT. These findings support the growing consensus that African climate became more sensitive to remote high-latitude climate when a threshold ice volume was reached during the MPT. 

Comment on cp-2022-14

This paper makes three interconnected claims: (i) the "human condition" cannot be captured by evolutionary narratives that reduce it to a recent 'cognitive modernity', nor by narratives that eliminates all cognitive differences between us and out closest extinct relatives, (ii) signals from paleogenomics, especially coming from deserts of introgression but also from signatures of positive selection point to the importance of mutations that may underlie temperamental differences, which impact cultural evolutionary trajectories in specific ways, and (iii) these trajectories in turn affect the language phenotypes. In particular, they influence the development of symbolic systems and the flexible ways in which symbols combine. 

Loquens : A characterization of “Hunter-Gatherers of Words”

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MATLAB®-Rezepte für die Geowissenschaften

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In this study, we synthesize terrestrial and marine proxy records, spanning the past 620,000 years, to decipher pan-African climate variability and its drivers and potential linkages to hominin evolution. We find a tight correlation between moisture availability across Africa to El Ni&amp;amp;#241;o Southern Ocean oscillation (ENSO) variability, a manifestation of the Walker Circulation, that was most likely driven by changes in Earth&amp;amp;#8217;s eccentricity. Our results demonstrate that low-latitude insolation was a prominent driver of pan-African climate change during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. We argue that these low-latitude climate processes governed the dispersion and evolution of vegetation as well as mammals in eastern and western Africa by increasing resource-rich and stable ecotonal settings thought to have been important to early modern humans.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; 

/pdf/paleo-enso-influence-on-african-environmentsand-early-modern-3111kouk.pdf

Paleo-ENSO influence on African environmentsand early modern humans

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Einführung in MATLAB

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;It&amp;amp;#8217;s been almost 30 years since I started with MATLAB, coming from FORTRAN77, and at a time when Python was still in its infancy and 20 years before Julia was developed. However, I recognize the popularity of Python, including the growing prevalence of Julia, and find that a bilingual and trilingual version of my MATLAB-based books and my courses could be beneficial. I&amp;amp;#8217;ve been learning Python for a few months now, with the goal of writing a Python version of my first book, MATLAB Recipes for Earth Sciences, 5th Edition (Springer 2021). In the meantime, almost all chapters of the book, with topics such as time series analysis, signal processing, digital terrain analysis and image processing, have been translated from MATLAB into Python, some also into Julia. Using the trilingual code in a master's course shows an unexpected but extremely positive side effect: students get away from a particular software or programming language, and focus instead on the method they want to implement. In addition, solutions often use mixtures of programming languages, exploiting the advantages of each. This is an advantage, also helps a lot to produce sustainable and reproducible code. Furthermore, this approach makes the students fit for a job in academia or industry, where other software tools are used than the ones we use in class. Here, I will share my experiences with courses on data analysis in earth sciences with 2&amp;amp;#8211;3 programming languages and with translating a data analysis book from one to another programming language.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; 

The Recipes for Earth Sciences Go Trilingual: MATLAB, Python and Julia

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Paleo-ENSO influence on African environmentsand early modern humans

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Einführung in MATLAB

The Recipes for Earth Sciences Go Trilingual: MATLAB, Python and Julia