Objective To investigate the effects of miR-32-5p on the biological behaviors of cervical cancer (CCa), the relevant mechanism was studied in CCa cell lines (HeLa) in vitro. Patients and methods The expression level of miR-32-5p was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). TargetScan, miRDB, microRNA databases and Luciferase method were conducted to predict and validate the target gene of miR-32-5p; the effects of miR-32-5p on cell proliferation, clone formation, invasion and migration capacity were analyzed in vitro study. Results We found miR-32-5p to be significantly inhibited in CCa tissues and cells. Bioinformatics approach together with Luciferase method screened Homeobox B8 (HOXB8) as a downstream regulatory target of miR-32-5p. Besides, HOXB8 was incredibly high expression in CCa tissues and cells. After transfection in HeLa cells by miR-32-5p mimics, HOXB8 expression was indicated to be negatively correlated with miR-32-5p both in qRT-PCR and Western blot (WB) assays. The subsequent experiments showed that decreased expression of HOXB8 resulting from up-regulation of miR-32-5p could weaken the cell proliferation, clone formation, invasion and migration ability of HeLa cells. Conclusions MiR-32-5p could inhibit the cellular malignant behavior through regulating the expression of HOXB8 in HeLa cells. We provide a new clue for the study of molecular mechanisms of CCa. MiR-32-5p/HOXB8 axis might serve as potential target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CCa.

MiR-32-5p regulates the proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer cells by targeting HOXB8.

United Arab Emirates initiated the colorectal cancer (CRC) screening on 2013. Yet, one of the barriers to participation in CRC screening is lack of knowledge about the importance of CRC, its risk factors, and the benefits that could be gained through screening. We aimed in this study to identify knowledge, attitude, and behavioral factors among the public that are associated with willingness to undergo CRC screening. A structured bilingual questionnaire in English and Arabic was designed by a multidisciplinary team and through a review of the literature. The survey consisted of four functional domains: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice related questions. It was encouraging that more than 65% of the total participants surveyed for the study were aware of CRC and their main source of information was media (395, 66%). However, the majority (379, 64%) were thinking that CRC is not common, and did not hear of the screening test for CRC (401, 67%). An overall evaluation of the answers revealed a poor level of knowledge on risk factors of CRC, and only 40% correctly identified fecal occult blood as main test for CRC prevention. Surprisingly, 95% of participants mentioned that the CRC screening was not recommended to them by a physician. This is the first report analyzing the awareness, attitude and practice of UAE population and assessing the barriers for CRC screening. Our results demonstrate that better education and communication of the benefits of early detection of CRC should be addressed to improve the screening in UAE population. There is need for campaigns and educational programs, both for health care providers and public. Media might play a significant role in this aspect and new policies need to focus more on increasing community awareness on cancer preventive measures in UAE.

http://journal.waocp.org/article_66541_71b654b861eb9369310f049be0f5db0b.pdf

Colorectal Cancer Risk Awareness and Screening Uptake among Adults in the United Arab Emirates

Abstract Background The World Health Organisation’s efforts to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030 with a target of 70% screening coverage using a high-performance test demand that women increase participation in screening. Factors that impact uptake of screening must therefore be identified and bottlenecks addressed, especially in lower- and middle-income countries where cervical cancer incidence remains high. This study investigated Muslim women, participation in, intention to engage in and self-efficacy about cervical cancer screening. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among Muslim women aged 18 years and above in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using appropriate descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, point biserial correlation and binary logistic regression analysis. Results The mean age of participants was approximately 31 years ( M = 30.9, SD = 10.4). Out of the 431 women, 21 (4.9%) had ever participated in cervical cancer screening. Participants demonstrated very low knowledge about cervical cancer and screening, with a mean knowledge score of 3.68 out of 15. Knowledge about cervical cancer was associated with increased odds of participating in cervical cancer screening (aOR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.11, 1.56). Concerns about similarity with health provider in terms of gender and faith was associated with decreased odds of cervical cancer screening self-efficacy (aOR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.67). Islamic modesty (aOR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.81, 0.96) was associated with decreased self-efficacy about seeking cervical cancer screening, whereas attitude (aOR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.14, 1.53) was significantly associated with increased self-efficacy about seeking cervical cancer screening. Again, Islamic modesty (aOR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80, 0.97) was associated with decreased intention to participate in screening, whereas attitude (aOR = 1.42, 95%CI 1.20, 1.68) was associated with increased intention to participate in screening. Conclusions There are gaps in knowledge of cervical cancer among Muslim women in this study as less than 5% had participated in screening. A positive attitude was found to influence intention to screen and actual participation in screening programmes. Islamic modesty and commitment to the Islamic faith decreased intention and self-efficacy regarding screening. Therefore, comprehensive and appropriate socio-cultural and religion-specific interventions aimed at addressing the barriers to screening are important in improving uptake among Muslim women. 

/pdf/correlates-of-cervical-cancer-screening-participation-2dpbx8t5.pdf

Correlates of cervical cancer screening participation, intention and self-efficacy among Muslim women in southern Ghana

Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of deaths due to cancer among women in India. This study assesses the prevalence of cervical cancer screening among women in the 30 to 49 years age-group and its relation to demographic, social and economic factors. The equity in the prevalence of screening is studied with respect to the women's household wealth.Data from the fifth National Family Health Survey are analyzed. The adjusted odds ratio is used to assess the prevalence of screening. The Concentration Index (CIX) and the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) are analyzed to assess the inequality.The average national prevalence of cervical cancer screening is found to be 1.97% (95% C.I, 1.8-2.1), ranging from 0.2% in West Bengal and Assam to 10.1% in Tamil Nadu. Screening is significantly more prevalent among the following demographics: educated, higher age group, Christian, scheduled caste, Government health insurance coverage, and high household wealth. Significantly lower prevalence is found among Muslim women, women from scheduled tribes, general category castes, non-Government health insurance coverage, high parity, and those who use oral contraceptive pills and tobacco. Marital status, place of residence, age at first sexual activity, and IUD usage are not significant influencers. At the national level, CIX (0.22 (95% C.I, 0.20-0.24)) and SII (0.018 (95% C.I, 0.015-0.020)) indicate significantly higher prevalence of screening among women from the wealthier quintiles. Significantly higher screening prevalence among wealthier quintiles in the North-East (0.1), West (0.21) and Southern (0.05) regions and among the poor quintiles in the Central (-0.05) region. Equiplot analysis shows a "top inequality pattern" in the North, North-East and Eastern regions, with overall low performance where the rich alone manage to avail screening. The Southern region exhibits an overall progress in screening prevalence with the exception of the poorest quintile, which is left behind. Pro-poor inequality exists in the Central region, with significantly higher prevalence of screening among poor.The prevalence of cervical cancer screening is very low (2%) in India. Cervical cancer screening is substantially higher among women with education and Government Health insurance coverage. Wealth-based inequality exists in the prevalence of cervical cancer screening and the prevalence is concentrated among the women from wealthier quintiles. 

https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12905-023-02504-y

Patterns in the prevalence and wealth-based inequality of cervical cancer screening in India

Objective: To determine the knowledge and practices regarding Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test among female university students of Karachi.

Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 491 female university students of Karachi. Participants were selected by random sampling between the ages of 18 to 30 years; from different universities namely Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Jinnah Sindh Medical University (JSMU), and Institute of Business administration (IBA). Pearson chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U tests were applied as the primary statistical methods.

Results: Out of 491 participants, three-quarters of the participants knew about the Pap smear test. However, only 1.6% had undergone the procedure. Age, socioeconomic status (SES), and medical background all had a significant relationship with the awareness of Pap smear test. One-third of the females in the study blamed lack of knowledge as the major reason for not getting a Pap smear while another third blamed the lack of recommendation by health care professionals.

Conclusion: According to our study, female undergraduate students of Karachi have insufficient knowledge and exposure to Pap smear, a screening test that could decrease the burden of cervical cancer among the female population of our country. Further research is required to assess the severity of the problem and consequently strategize to control it.

/pdf/awareness-regarding-pap-smear-among-female-university-37or5412x6.pdf

Awareness Regarding Pap Smear Among Female University Students of Karachi: A Cross-sectional Survey.

Global data indicate that cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Important factors that affect interventions for early diagnosis of cervical cancer include social beliefs and values and poor knowledge. These may contribute to women’s participation in screening for cervical cancer and have a significant impact on decisions to take preventive action. The present study was conducted with 599 women in the UAE between September 2016 and March 2017. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine knowledge about cervical cancer and screening, demographic characteristics and perceived barriers. Knowledge about the Pap smear test was limited, and awareness that they should undergo the Pap smear test every three years even with an initial negative/normal Pap smear result was abysmal. In spite of the positive attitude of the women towards the Pap smear test, almost 80% of the women surveyed had no knowledge of precancerous lesions. Having higher income (21/29, 72%, p=0.027) and more miscarriages were associated with better practice of Pap smears (19/26, 73%, p=0.010). Knowledge levels were significantly higher (66.3±22.2,) that values for attitude (60.5±20.9, p= 0.03, 95% CI {0.22-11.3}, Chi-square 4.38) and practice (53.7 24.1, p= 0.001, 95% CI {6.9-18.1}, Chi-square 19.7). A well-designed health education programme on cervical cancer and benefits of screening should increase the awareness among women in UAE. One point to stress is that better communication with health professionals and improvement of access to health care services should increase the rate of cervical cancer screening.

http://journal.waocp.org/article_53786_2d123fdd4f4e1bde338de328926fa573.pdf

Limited Understanding of Pap Smear Testing among Women, a Barrier to Cervical Cancer Screening in the United Arab Emirates

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Limited Understanding of Pap Smear Testing among Women, a Barrier to Cervical Cancer Screening in the United Arab Emirates