Diabetic nephropathy: Focusing on pathological signals, clinical treatment, and dietary regulation.

Polygonati Rhizoma, a typical homology of medicine and food, possesses remarkable anti-fatigue, anti-aging, metabolic regulatory, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-diabetes, and anti-cancer effects. Among bioactive phytochemicals in Polygonati Rhizoma, polysaccharides play important roles in the health-promoting activities through the mechanisms mentioned above and potential synergistic effects with other bioactives. In this review, we briefly introduce the updated biosynthesis of polysaccharides, the purification method, the structure characterization, and food applications, and discuss in detail the biological activities of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides and associated mechanisms, aiming at broadening the usage of Polygonati Rhizoma as functional food and medicine.

/pdf/health-promoting-activities-and-associated-mechanisms-of-3tenmkti.pdf

Health-Promoting Activities and Associated Mechanisms of Polygonati Rhizoma Polysaccharides

http://www.kireports.org/article/S2468024922012918/pdf

Renal Autologous Cell Therapy to Stabilize Function in Diabetes-Related Chronic Kidney Disease: Corroboration of Mechanistic Action With Cell Marker Analysis

Latest developments in the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine compiled from publicly available information and press releases from non academic institutions in January 2022.

Industry updates from the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine in January 2022.

Yagman: Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, Cape Town; Keswell: Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit & School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, Cape Town. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Neville Alexander, who devoted his lifetime to advocate mother-tongue based multilingualism in South Africa. We are especially grateful to Justine Burns for helpful guidance and advice. We also thank seminar participants of the Research Unit in Behavioural and Neuroeconomics (Ruben) and the Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit (Saldru). Funding of this research is gratefully acknowledged from the National Research Foundation of South Africa.

Accents, Race and Discrimination: Evidence from a Trust Game

Background: Cell therapies explore unmet clinical needs of patients with chronic kidney disease with the potential to alter the pathway toward end-stage kidney disease. We describe the design and baseline patient characteristics of a phase II multicenter clinical trial utilizing the novel renal autologous cell therapy (REACT), by direct kidney parenchymal injection via the percutaneous approach in adults with type 2 diabetic kidney disease (T2DKD), to delay or potentially avoid renal replacement therapy. Design: The study conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized control, open-label, phase II clinical trial between an active treatment group (ATG) receiving REACT from the beginning of the trial and a contemporaneous deferred treatment group (DTG) receiving standard of care for 12 months before crossing over to receive REACT. Objectives: The objective of this study was to establish the safety and efficacy of 2 REACT injections with computed tomography guidance, into the renal cortex of patients with T2DKD administered 6 months apart, and to compare the longitudinal change in renal function between the ATG and the DTG. Setting: This was a multicenter study conducted in major US hospitals. Patients: We enrolled eighty-three adult patients with T2DKD, who have estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) between 20 and 50 mL/min/1.73 m2. Methods: All patients undergo an image-guided percutaneous kidney biopsy to obtain epithelial phenotype selective renal cells isolated from the kidney tissue that is then expanded ex vivo over 4–6 weeks, resulting in the REACT biologic product. Patients are randomized 1:1 into the ATG or the DTG. Primary efficacy endpoints for both study groups include eGFR measurements at baseline and at 3-month intervals, through 24 months after the last REACT injection. Safety analyses include biopsy-related complications, REACT injection, and cellular-related adverse events. The study utilizes Good Clinical and Manufacturing Practices and a Data and Safety Monitoring Board. The sample size confers a statistical power of 80% to detect an eGFR change in the ATG compared to the DTG at 24 months with an α = 0.05. Limitations: Blinding cannot occur due to the intent to treat procedure, biopsy in both groups, and open trial design. Conclusion: This multicenter phase II randomized clinical trial is designed to determine the efficacy and safety of REACT in improving or stabilizing renal function among patients with T2DKD stages 3a–4.

/pdf/novel-renal-autologous-cell-therapy-for-type-2-diabetes-eeed6b1b.pdf

Novel Renal Autologous Cell Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Diabetic Kidney Disease: Clinical Trial Design

As technology continues to improve communication between cultures, foreign accents are becoming more common in everyday life and, therefore, more important to analyze. The objective of this study was to examine how a range of accents are perceived, and how that may relate to the brain’s electrical activity. Fourteen female participants from Roanoke College listened to twelve clips of different accents speaking English while their brain activity was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). There were six speakers with two audio clips each. Four of the six speakers were using English as a native language, while the other two speakers were non-native English speakers. Each participant heard a male and female American, Irish, and Saudi Arabian speaker. After each clip the participants were asked to rate the accent on a Likert scale for understanding, comfortability, trustworthiness, and likability. Electrodes were placed over the frontal lobe for a sufficient understanding of executive reactions to the accents, as well as over the parietal lobe to measure basic audition. Data was then analyzed through Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) to find the frequency of the brain waves. Significant effects regarding how participants perceived the different accents based on survey data were found. It was found that participants rated females higher and enjoyed listening to the Irish accent most, but understood the American accent best and Saudi Arabian accent least. The results showed no significant findings for the EEG recordings. These results show that further research needs to be done, perhaps restructuring when participants are asked questions about the accent and creating a task during the audio clip to allow the participant to focus more on the actual content of the text.

Foreign Accent Perception and Processing with EEG


 
 
 The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated at 850 million people worldwide, with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) being the main cause. Existing medical therapies may delay the deterioration of kidney function; however, many patients continue to progress to kidney failure. REACT (Renal Autologous Cell Therapy), a cell-based advanced therapy, is being developed to decrease the risk of CKD progression. REACT is composed of selected renal cells (SRC), isolated from a participant's own kidney, which are involved in the process of kidney repair and regeneration. Preclinical studies in multiple animal models of DKD have demonstrated that SRC injected directly into the kidney cortex produced a regenerative response improving overall kidney function and histology. Encouraging early clinical results from phase 2 studies with REACT resulted in RMAT (Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy) designation by the Food and Drug Administration in the USA.
 
 
 
 Description of therapy - REACT is derived from the participant's kidney tissue obtained by percutaneous biopsy in an outpatient setting. Renal cells are culture expanded ex vivo, and SRC are isolated. SRC are cryopreserved at a concentration of 100 × 106 cells/mL and shipped to the clinical site approximately 12 weeks after the biopsy. REACT will be percutaneously reinjected by specially trained interventional proceduralists utilizing CT guidance and a non-cutting 25-gauge needle inserted into the kidney cortex. A single REACT dose will be injected into each kidney, approximately 3 months apart. Participants - The study will enroll 600 participants from approximately 250 global sites (including 38 sites in the EU)) with up to 60 months of follow-up. Patients aged 30-80 years with type 2 diabetes who have an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20-50 mL/min/1.73 m2, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 300-5000 mg/g will be eligible. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to REACT or sham biopsy/injection in a single blind manner. Standard-of care therapies including renin angiotensin system inhibitors and sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitors may be given as per local guidance.
 
 
 
 Study Endpoints - The primary endpoint for proact 2 is the time from first injection to the earliest of ≥40% eGFR decline, eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73m2 sustained for 30 days, initiation of chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation, or cardiovascular or renal death. proact 2 is an endpoint driven trial with 80% power to detect a hazard ratio of 0.6 for the primary outcome. Key secondary outcomes will include time to these individual components as well as annualized change in eGFR and change from baseline in UACR.
 
 
 
 proact 2 is a global Phase 3 randomized controlled trial that will evaluate the safety and efficacy of REACT on major kidney disease endpoints, among participants with type 2 diabetes and moderate-severe CKD. This trial is part of a comprehensive phase 3 development program with an estimated start date of June 2023. REACT, a novel autologous cell therapy composed of SRC, has the potential to directly improve kidney function with a goal to prevent kidney failure.


https://academic.oup.com/ndt/article-pdf/38/Supplement_1/gfad063c_3696/50594096/gfad063c_3696.pdf

#3696 the proact 2 phase 3 study design: a randomized controlled study of react in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease

WCN23-0424 THE proact PHASE 3 STUDY DESIGN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY OF REACT IN PARTICIPANTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

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Novel Renal Autologous Cell Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Diabetic Kidney Disease: Clinical Trial Design

Foreign Accent Perception and Processing with EEG

#3696 the proact 2 phase 3 study design: a randomized controlled study of react in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease

WCN23-0424 THE proact PHASE 3 STUDY DESIGN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY OF REACT IN PARTICIPANTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE