We present a systematic derivation and discussion of the practical formulae needed to design and interpret direct searches for nuclear recoil events caused by hypothetical weakly interacting dark matter particles. Modifications to the differential energy spectrum arise from the Earth's motion, recoil detection efficiency, instrumental resolution and threshold, multiple target elements, spin-dependent and coherent factors, and nuclear form factor. We discuss the normalization and presentation of results to allow comparison between different target elements and with theoretical predictions. Equations relating to future directional detectors are also included.

Review of mathematics, numerical factors, and corrections for dark matter experiments based on elastic nuclear recoil

Abstract The Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber (DMTPC) is a low pressure (75 Torr CF4) 10 liter detector capable of measuring the vector direction of nuclear recoils with the goal of directional dark matter detection. In this Letter we present the first dark matter limit from DMTPC from a surface run at MIT. In an analysis window of 80–200 keV recoil energy, based on a 35.7 g-day exposure, we set a 90% C.L. upper limit on the spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross section of 2.0 × 10 − 33 cm 2 for 115 GeV/c2 dark matter particle mass.

First dark matter search results from a surface run of the 10-L DMTPC directional dark matter detector

There is plenty of evidence that most matter in the Universe is dark (non-luminous). Particle physics offers several possible explanations. In this talk I focus on cold dark matter; the most promising candidates are then axions and the lightest supersymetric particle. I briefly summarize estimates of the present relic density of these particles, and describe efforts to detect them

Particle Dark Matter

The 4Shooter is a prototype dark matter detector built by the Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber (DMTPC) collaboration. The aim of the collaboration is to observe dark matter with directional sensitivity by measuring the recoil directions of nuclei struck by dark matter particles. The 4Shooter is a single time projection chamber containing CF4 gas, with both optical (CCD and photomultiplier tube) and charge readout. This paper describes the 4Shooter and presents results from the commissioning of the detector in a surface laboratory.

/pdf/the-dark-matter-time-projection-chamber-4shooter-directional-27yz3e3cg3.pdf

The Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber 4Shooter directional dark matter detector: Calibration in a surface laboratory

Astronomical and cosmological evidence suggests that 27% of the energy content of the universe is in the form of non-baryonic matter referred to as "dark matter." Weakly interacting massive particles have long been considered attractive candidates for this dark matter and can be found in a wide variety of models of physics beyond the Standard Model. The Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber experiment uses low-pressure gas time projection chambers to search for nuclear recoils caused by interactions between nuclei inside a detector and weakly interacting massive particles in the dark matter halo of the Milky Way galaxy. These detectors are also able to reconstruct the directions of these nuclear recoils, allowing for better rejection of possible background events. This thesis describes the design of a small prototype detector and the strategies used by the DMTPC collaboration to reconstruct events, reject backgrounds, and identify nuclear recoil candidate events. It presents the results of several studies aimed at understanding background events in DMTPC detectors. Finally, this work will present the first results from a nuclear recoil search taken with this detector in a surface laboratory at MIT. Thesis Supervisor: Peter Fisher Title: Professor

https://inspirehep.net/record/1331191/files/Thesis-2014-Lopez.pdf

First results from a 20-liter prototype dark matter detector with directional sensitivity

Recent work in astrophysics has show that most of
the matter in the universe is non-luminous. This work investigates
two searches for non-luminous matter: hot dark matter formed from
cosmic relic neutrinos from the Big Bang, and directional detection
of cold dark matter. The cosmic neutrino background is investigated
through the KATRIN experiment, using neutrino capture on tritium to
search for a signal. A sensitivity at KATRIN of about 10⁴ events
per year, or a local overdensity of relic neutrinos of about 3 x
10⁹ is found. Directional detection of cold dark matter provides a
unique way to distinguish a dark matter signal from terrestrial
backgrounds, using the expected direction of a dark matter wind
based on astrophysical parameters. This work presents a new
technique for directional dark matter detection – a drift chamber
readout using a CCD camera. The backgrounds of this detector are
investigated and enumerated, and a dark matter search sets a limit
at mX =100 GeV of 3.7 x 10?³³ cm².

Detecting the invisible universe with neutrinos and dark matter

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Detecting the invisible universe with neutrinos and dark matter