In the year 2003 there was a 17% increase in the number of publications citing work performed using optical biosensor technology compared with the previous year. We collated the 962 total papers for 2003, identified the geographical regions where the work was performed, highlighted the instrument types on which it was carried out, and segregated the papers by biological system. In this overview, we spotlight 13 papers that should be on everyone's 'must read' list for 2003 and provide examples of how to identify and interpret high-quality biosensor data. Although we still find that the literature is replete with poorly performed experiments, over-interpreted results and a general lack of understanding of data analysis, we are optimistic that these shortcomings will be addressed as biosensor technology continues to mature.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jmr.753

Survey of the year 2003 commercial optical biosensor literature

The complement system is a major component of the immune system and plays a central role in many protective immune processes, including circulating immune complex processing and clearance, recognition of foreign antigens, modulation of humoral and cellular immunity, removal of apoptotic and dead cells, and engagement of injury resolving and tissue regeneration processes. In stark contrast to these beneficial roles, however, inadequately controlled complement activation underlies the pathogenesis of human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where the cartilage, bone, and synovium are targeted. Recent studies of this disease have demonstrated that the autoimmune response evolves over time in an asymptomatic preclinical phase that is associated with mucosal inflammation. Notably, experimental models of this disease have demonstrated that each of the three major complement activation pathways plays an important role in recognition of injured joint tissue, although the lectin and amplification pathways exhibit particularly impactful roles in the initiation and amplification of damage. Herein, we review the complement system and focus on its multi-factorial role in human patients with RA and experimental murine models. This understanding will be important to the successful integration of the emerging complement therapeutics pipeline into clinical care for patients with RA.

/pdf/complement-in-the-initiation-and-evolution-of-rheumatoid-3df7k1owg3.pdf

Complement in the Initiation and Evolution of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Anti-myelin antibodies modulate clinical expression of childhood multiple sclerosis.

http://lup.lub.lu.se/search/ws/files/1699383/2539426.pdf

PRELP Protein Inhibits the Formation of the Complement Membrane Attack Complex

Synthesis and applications of mirror-image proteins

Objectives: To develop and validate a recombinant vaccine to attenuate inflammation in arthritis by sustained neutralization of the anaphylatoxin C5a. Methods: We constructed and expressed fusion protein of C5a and maltose binding protein. Efficacy of specific C5a neutralization was tested using the fusion protein as vaccine in three different arthritis mouse models: collagen induced arthritis (CIA), chronic relapsing CIA and collagen antibody induced arthritis (CAIA). Levels of anti-C5a antibodies and anti-collagen type II were measured by ELISA. C5a neutralization assay was done using a rat basophilic leukemia cell-line transfected with the human C5aR. Complement activity was determined using a hemolytic assay and joint morphology was assessed by histology. Results: Vaccination of mice with MBP-C5a led to significant reduction of arthritis incidence and severity but not anticollagen antibody synthesis. Histology of the MBP-C5a and control (MBP or PBS) vaccinated mice paws confirmed the vaccination effect. Sera from the vaccinated mice developed C5a-specific neutralizing antibodies, however C5 activation and formation of the membrane attack complex by C5b were not significantly altered. Conclusions: Exploitation of host immune response to generate sustained C5a neutralizing antibodies without significantly compromising C5/C5b activity is a useful strategy for developing an effective vaccine for antibody mediated and C5a dependent inflammatory diseases. Further developing of such a therapeutic vaccine would be more optimal and cost effective to attenuate inflammation without affecting host immunity.

/pdf/a-recombinant-vaccine-effectively-induces-c5a-specific-4ge3c3jl1s.pdf

A recombinant vaccine effectively induces c5a-specific neutralizing antibodies and prevents arthritis.

Antibody responses, induced in Cynomolgus monkey by recombinant IgE-derived immunotherapeutic protein against atopic allergies and asthma, were characterized using label-free, real-time protein interaction analysis. The effects of two different immunotherapeutic proteins were compared. Active concentrations of specific anti-IgE antibodies formed were determined in sera sampled at multiple time points, using conditions of total mass transport limitation that were proved to exist on the sensor surface. These concentrations varied from about 0.4 to 35 microg/ml among the monkeys and throughout the immunization period. Based on these concentrations, the rate and affinity constants for the binding of antibody populations to the antigen could be determined. The apparent equilibrium dissociation constant decreased during the immunization period, for all the monkeys, by a factor between 6 and 50, ending at values from approximately 2 x 10(-9) to approximately 2 x 10(-11) M among the animals. This affinity maturation was attributable to the changes in both rate constants, although the magnitude of the contribution of each constant depended partly on specimen, but primarily on the immunotherapeutic used. The immunotherapeutic proteins examined showed excellent immunogenic properties, providing the basis for a new and effective treatment for allergy and asthma.

Biosensor‐based characterization of serum antibodies during development of an anti‐IgE immunotherapeutic against allergy and asthma

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A recombinant vaccine effectively induces c5a-specific neutralizing antibodies and prevents arthritis.

Biosensor‐based characterization of serum antibodies during development of an anti‐IgE immunotherapeutic against allergy and asthma