A mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that can dynamically configure a network without a fixed infrastructure or central administration. This makes it ideal for emergency and rescue scenarios, where sharing information is essential and should occur as soon as possible. This article discusses which of the routing strategies for mobile MANETs: proactive, reactive or hierarchical, has a better performance in such scenarios. By selecting a real urban area for the emergency and rescue scenario, we calculated the density of nodes and the mobility model needed for the validation study of AODV, DSDV and CBRP in the routing model. The NS2 simulator has been used for our study. We also show that the hierarchical routing strategies are better suited for this type of scenarios.

Review: Behavior of Ad Hoc routing protocols, analyzed for emergency and rescue scenarios, on a real urban area

The energy of nodes is limited in mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs). In order to extend the network lifetime, how to select the best route is a critical issue for routing protocols in MANETs. In this work, we propose the ant colony-based energy control routing (ACECR) protocol to find an optimal route by using the positive feedback character of ant colony optimization (ACO). In our ACECR protocol, the routing choice depends on not only the number of hops between nodes and the node energy, but also the average and the minimum energy of the routes. The performance of our ACECR routing protocols is evaluated in different mobility models. In addition, we do extensive simulations to study the movement characteristics of different mobility models and their effect on routing protocols. Simulation results show that ACECR has a better performance in balanced energy consumption and a longer network lifetime compared with existing protocols.

/pdf/ant-colony-based-energy-control-routing-protocol-for-mobile-4ivueypdw1.pdf

Ant colony-based energy control routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks under different node mobility models

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Enhanced product design and development using Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), 4D/5D/6D Printing, Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain: A review

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are a self-configuring network of mobile nodes connected by wireless links where each mobile node works as a host as well as a router. With the growth and proliferation of these devices in every aspect of society, the need for such devices to communicate in a seamless manner is becoming increasingly essential. Applications supported by MANETs have stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and to support these QoS parameters MANETs should have efficient routing protocols. Most of the reactive routing protocols like AODV provide a single route for packet delivery. However, when the single route fails, it results in a decline in a performance of various QoS parameters. Providing a single backup route also does not solve the problem completely as the backup route may also fail. Also, providing multiple backup routes may lead to multiple packets flooding the network. Hence, an efficient routing protocol is required which provides solution to this problem. This paper proposes AODV routing protocol with nth backup route (AODV nthBR) that provides source node with more than one back up routes in case of a link failure. The proposed scheme results in better throughput, lesser end to end delay and improved lifetime of devices.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6767436/6779283/06779353.pdf

Quality of service enhancement in MANETs with an efficient routing algorithm

The buffering in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) will depend on end-to-end delay of every user’s information from the arrival time of the resource node which is waiting for the receiving time-span of the destination node Normally each base station will act as relay node or repeater for different mobile nodes as well as for different base stations Deployment of base station in the MANET is also a critical research Each base station contain large number of nodes which is connected based on peer-to- peer communications Dynamic queuing method is used to share the traffic load to various paths which are selected according to the least buffer size; that increases the packet delivery of the network Dynamic queuing method is used to reduce the overall waiting time of the packets in the network In this paper, we propose Buffer Enabled Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (BE-AOMDV) algorithm, that generates the routing protocol with Bernoulli model and find that the packet information minimizes the average end-to-end delay By using periodic updates on the buffer information of the nodes in the paths, the nodes can take dynamic decisions regarding the help of better routes in the data transmission which can lead to even better use of resources of the network Buffer Enable Multipath Routing is compared with other multipath routing techniques Furthermore, using perceptive simplifications, we find that the effect of buffers in networks increases the throughput although incongruously considering average end-to-end delay During widespread simulations, our simulation results proved that the network with the appearance of data stream circumstance improves using Bernoulli function and the proposed method has the increased throughput compared to other related methods

Design of a Buffer Enabled Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing Protocol for Improving Throughput in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

In the mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANET) are anticipated to be deployed in different scenarios having the complex mobility of nodes. Generally a variable mobility nature is predictable to have an important impact on the performance of the routing protocols in Ad Hoc networks. In the present work an attempt has been made to give an analysis on the mobility models used in an Ad Hoc network. Using simulation, it further pertains to study the metrics used in support of performance procedures for mobile Ad Hoc network protocols, we have compared the performance of two routing protocol AODV and DSR by using the mobility model and change the node density with varying number of the source node. DSR and AODV both protocol use On-Demand route detection idea but the inner method which they use to find the route is much different for both protocols. We have analyzed the performance of protocols for changeable network load and mobility.

/pdf/the-efficiency-analysis-of-mobility-model-using-routing-2tsln7vzyx.pdf

The Efficiency Analysis of Mobility Model using Routing Protocols

Recently, various researchers have turned into involved in Adhoc Networks to assemble a self- configurable network without existing communication infrastructure. This study presents the outcome of comprehensive performance estimation on several Ad Hoc Networks routing protocols in divergent mobility models working under coherent environments. The routing protocols, mobility models and other aspects are explained and discussed in order to know how to use them accurately to form practical environment. NS-2.35 and Bonnmotion be used to produce the networks, services and location personality in common.The main span of this paper is to analysis routing performance of routing protocol i.e. AODV, DSR (Reactive), and DSDV, TORA (Proactive) protocols with respect to mobility models such as RPGM, CMM and RWP. In this paper the parameters used for assessment of packet delivery fraction (PDF), average end to end delay, and through put. Further, we will analyze and compare the performance of given routing protocols below singular network scenario.The performance of the protocols can be considerably dissimilar with respect to mobility models, when more and more realistic elements are taken into account. This must express to the researches for improvement of Ad Hoc Network in the diverse services of our society.

/pdf/an-estimation-of-routing-protocols-in-mobility-models-used-36k7opr2kb.pdf

An Estimation of Routing Protocols in Mobility Models Used For Ad Hoc Networks: Simulation Study

Wireless communication system is gaining to much attention for reliable communication. One of modern communication system is Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) and it has several routing protocols for communication. The AODV is the one of efficient protocol for the MANET. In this paper we are proposing a novel technique for modeling for AODV routing protocol. The proposed technique is based on the Markov random walk model. Here we calculate the probability distribution for the several operations for efficient communication. This analysis is helpful to understand the dependency of the various factor over the AODV and it impact on QoS. Its effectiveness and efficiency has been checked by various parameters and further analyzed for the reliability and scalability.

The analysis of AODV, based on mobility model

Internet of things-based automation design and organizational innovation of manufacturing enterprises

Mobility is a natural character of Ad Hoc networks. A realistic simulation of user movement in Ad Hoc Network is very important to the network performance. Therefore, by using a realistic mobility model, which is an important aspect in enhancing the self-confidence in the simulation result of the network. Although, each node’s movement is random, there are still some underlying disciplines in their mobility. By predicting the mobility of user that truly depicts nodes mobility in an Ad Hoc Network, is the first step of mobility management. In this manuscript an attempt has been made by proposing a new mobility model called restriction models for generating unusual mobility scenarios for Ad Hoc networks such as campus scenario. The propose algorithm performance has been evaluated using network simulator (ns2.35) for dynamic source routing (DSR). The results are compared with other mobility model such as Random way point. The results shows that our proposed algorithm has outperform the available mobility model for campus scenario.

Building of a Competent Mobility Model for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

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