The study was conducted in order to determine the effects of exogenous selenium (Se) supply (5, 10, or 20 μM) on the resistance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Polan F1 seedlings to salt stress (50 mM NaCl). Plant growth was negatively affected by excessive salinity and dry mass production as well as photosynthetic pigments accumulation severely decreased. Se treatments at 5 and 10 μM significantly improved the growth rate and increased the photosynthetic pigments and proline contents in cucumber leaves subjected to salt stress. Moreover, it is concluded that Se enhanced the salt tolerance of seedlings by protecting the cell membrane against lipid peroxidation. The growth-promoting effect of low Se concentrations (5 and 10 μM) under saline conditions could be due to the antioxidative activity of Se, increase in proline accumulation and/or decrease in content of chloride ions in the shoots tissues. Thus, optimal Se supplementation presents a promising potential for use in conditions of relatively high levels of NaCl in the medium.

Beneficial effects of exogenous selenium in cucumber seedlings subjected to salt stress.

The protective role of exogenously applied kinetin (10 μM KN, a cytokinin) against the adverse effects caused by NaCl-induced (150 mM) stress in Solanum lycopersicum was investigated. Application of KN significantly enhanced growth and biomass production of normally grown plants (non-stressed) and also mitigated the adverse effect of NaCl on stressed plants to a considerable extent. Among the examined parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic parameters, components of the antioxidant system (both enzymatic and non-enzymatic), osmotica accumulation, and mineral uptake exhibited a significant increase following the application of KN. Furthermore, KN application reduced the generation of reactive free radical hydrogen peroxide, coupled with a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and an increase in membrane stability. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, and glyoxylase system were found to be promoted in plants exposed to NaCl, and the activities were further promoted by KN application, thereby protecting S. lycopersicum plants against NaCl-induced oxidative damage. Further strengthening of the antioxidant system in KN supplied plants was ascribed to regulation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle, phenols and flavonoids in them. The levels of proline and glycine betaine increased considerably in KN-treated plants, thereby maintaining relative water content. Moreover, exogenous KN application reduced the inhibitory effects of NaCl on K+ and Ca2+ uptake, which resulted in a considerable reduction in tissue Na+/K+ ratio.

/pdf/potential-of-exogenously-sourced-kinetin-in-protecting-3r75jm79n5.pdf

Potential of exogenously sourced kinetin in protecting Solanum lycopersicum from NaCl-induced oxidative stress through up-regulation of the antioxidant system, ascorbate-glutathione cycle and glyoxalase system.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings overcome NaCl stress as a result of presoaking in Moringa oleifera leaf extract

We investigated the effects of exogenous application of jasmonic acid (JA) and nitric oxide (NO) on growth, antioxidant metabolism, physio-biochemical attributes and metabolite accumulation, in tom...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17429145.2017.1420830

Mitigation of sodium chloride toxicity in Solanum lycopersicum L. by supplementation of jasmonic acid and nitric oxide

Modulation of salt stress effects on the growth, physio-chemical attributes and yields of Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants by the combined application of salicylic acid and Moringa oleifera leaf extract

Streptomyces sp. ALKC8 produced high levels of extra-cellular invertase (350 Ul - 1 ) after incubation for 24 h at pH 5.0, temperature 37°C in the presence of sucrose (3%). The optimum temperature and pH for enzyme activity were 60°C and 5.0 respectively. All metal ions except Na + , Hg 2 + and Ca 2 + were well tolerated and did not adversely affect invertase activity. However, SDS inhibited the enzyme activity. The effect of thermal stabilizers on invertase activity was studied. Consequently, polyethylene glycol and mannitol were shown to have a protective effect on enzyme activity. Maximum invertase activity (581 Ul - 1 ) was produced by cells grown in the medium containing sucrose (2% w/v) and yeast extract in combination with NaNO 3 , which was about twofold higher than the production in basal medium.

/pdf/production-optimization-and-characterization-of-57inztpxyl.pdf

Production, optimization and characterization of extracellular invertase by an actinomycete strain

The variability in acid phosphatase activities was studied with an objective to find out its physiological role in response to drought stress. The effect of drought stress on acid P-ase activity in relationship with phosphorus was studied in drought tolerant (C-306) and drought sensitive (HD-2004) cultivars of wheat. Drought stress was imposed by withholding water irrigation to the growing seedlings in the net house conditions. The tissues (leaves and grains) were separated and acid P-ase activity, western blotting studies were carried out. After drought stress, a significant increase in acid P-ase activity was observed in leaves and grains of drought tolerant cv. C-306. However, no change was observed in drought sensitive cv. HD-2004. Immuno-blotting analysis also revealed similar type of induction of wPase-94 (band detected using antiserum in western blot analysis) expression under drought stress conditions. Imposition of drought stress caused significant decrease in phosphorous level (Pi) in both the varieties at all the stages of development. However, increased acid P-ase activity coupled with low Pi level in drought tolerant cv. 306, indicated variety specific key role of acid P-ases under drought stress in maintaining Pi level. Based upon these results, a possible physiological role of acid P-ases in wheat is discussed.

/pdf/drought-stress-induced-changes-in-the-expression-of-acid-4seqf0qxto.pdf

Drought-Stress Induced Changes in the Expression of Acid Phosphatases in Drought Tolerant and Susceptible Cultivars of Wheat

https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/ejb/v10n1/a16.pdf

Ethanol mediated enhancement in bacterial transformation

The effect of drought stress on changes in acid phosphatase (APase) activities inrelationship with phosphorus was studied in wheat embryos and endosperm. Drought stresswas imposed by withholding water irrigation to the 12 h germinated seeds. The tissues(embryos and endosperm) were separated and APase activity was estimated. After droughtstress, a significant increase in embryo and endosperm APase activity was observed. NativePAGEAPase activity also revealed a similar type of induction under stress conditions.Imposition of drought stress caused no significant change in phosphorous level inendosperm; however, a significant decrease in the embryos phosphorus level was observedafter 6 h of stress, indicating tissue specific key role of APase activity under drought stress inmaintaining Pi level.

/pdf/drought-induced-changes-in-acid-phosphatase-activities-in-33yuleakpx.pdf

Drought-induced changes in acid phosphatase activities in wheat in relationship with phosphorus -

Alien plants have broad distribution throughout the world, in agriculture, forest,and natural areas displacing native vegetation, stunting or diminishing the growth, or development or establishment of native plants. Lantana is an annual invasive weeds of Verbenaceae (verbena) family, is native to tropical America while widespread in North America, many parts of Africa, Australia, and India. It tolerates a wide variety of abiotic conditions in the natural habitat. In order to gain insight into the biochemical basis of invasiveness of invasive alien species, in the present study, the abiotic stress condition-induced changes on reactive oxygen species contents (ROS) and ROS scavenging boiling stable antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase) were studied in three different most prevalent varieties of Lantana: pink (more invasive), red (moderate invasive), and violet (less invasive). Among all the enzymes studied, SOD was only detected as boiling stable. Indices of oxidative stress, superoxide radical and H2O2 content increased under low- and high-temperature conditions in a genotype- and tissue-dependent manner. For example, compared to other varieties, pink variety which is more invasive, showed higher ROS coupled with malondialdehyde contents under adverse abiotic conditions. As a result, it was postulated that pink genotype may have more efficient mechanism to scavenge ROS species as shown by the increase in boiling stable SOD(BsSOD) activity accompanied by enhanced accumulation of BsSOD isoenzymes. Based on the results, it can be inferred that plants which are more invasive may have more biochemical capacity to perform biological antioxidative reactions to combat abiotic stress-induced oxidative stress.

Analysis of boiling stable antioxidant enzymes in invasive alien species of Lantana under abiotic stress-like conditions.

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