Shaping the royal image: Gerrit van Honthorst and the Stuart courts in London and the Hague, 1620-1649

Anglo-Saxon England

Relatively little concrete evidence remains concerning the contents of the English monastic libraries in the years leading up to the major dissolutions of the second half of the 1530s, and the only complete catalogue compiled after 1500 still extant is that of the brothers’ library in the Bridgettine house of Syon ( c. 1500– c. 1524). The booklists which do survive, primarily those compiled by John Leland, were selective in nature and throw more light on the interests of the compiler than on the material contained in the monasteries themselves. In his De uiris illustribus , or Commentarii de scriptoribus Britannicis as it was called by its eighteenth-century editor, Leland included several brief sketches of monastic libraries, and these suggest widely differing conditions from house to house and order to order. For the most part, the Benedictines were singled out for praise, and Leland was lyrical in his evocation of the well-stocked library at Glastonbury, which he visited in the summer of 1533. At Bath he was impressed by the ancient books which had survived up to his time ( Scriptores , 160), and he mentioned that the famous library at St Albans was likewise stocked with ancient books ( Scriptores , 166). The cathedral priory at Norwich, he stated, was ‘crammed with good books’ ( Scriptores , 247), and he saluted Ramsey as a ‘storehouse of ancient authors’ ( Scriptores , 264). St Augustine’s, Canterbury, was described as ‘a rich storehouse of ancient manuscripts’ in spite of a terrible fire in 1168 and later depredations by ignorant monks ( Scriptores , 299–301). The library at Abingdon had been neglected, but nevertheless Leland found a particular gem, a copy of Joseph of Exeter’s lost Antiocheis , while rooting through ‘the dust and moths’ ( Scriptores , 238).

The dispersal of the monastic libraries and the salvaging of the spoils

The significance of heraldic references in literature has been the subject of both antiquarian interest and recent scholarship. In the field of seventeenth-century poetry, there exists a small body of published work concerned with the use of heraldry by William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson and Jolin Cleveland. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the existence and significance of heraldic references in a wider range of seventeenth-century verse and poetry. It eschews assumptions regarding the use of heraldry by, or with reference to, a narrow social elite, and examines heraldic references published in broadsheets and used in songs, as well as in the privately- circulated manuscripts of the nobility. Chapter One offers a critical examination of a range of current scholarship concerned with heraldic readings of literature. Chapter Two demonstrates that formal heraldic references, affirming or celebrating their subject’s identity, were used in diverse genres, including dedicatory verses, encomia, epitaphs, elegies, epithalamia and anagrams. Chapter Three determines the social implications of the use of heraldry, with particular reference to epic and satirical verse, arguing that heraldic references in this period develop beyond their traditional, chivalric associations. Chapter Four discusses those works that include heraldic references as expressions of authority or political power, and considers their use in different contexts to affirm or undermine the position of individuals and groups within society. Chapter Five establishes the use of heraldry within religious or spiritual poetry and addresses whether its vocabulary was regarded as an expression of particular Christian values. Chapter Six explores the engagement of women writers with heraldry and considers how far their use of the language offered a challenge to the prevailing patriarchal culture. The Conclusion draws attention to the significance of the evolution of heraldry from the seventeenth century to the present day.

Heraldic imagery in seventeenth-century English poetry

Matthew Parker’s manuscripts: an Elizabethan library and its use

The King's Goods and the Commonwealth Sale - Materials and Context, Arthur MacGregor Charles I and the Tradition of European Princely Collecting, Ronald Lightbown Charles I, Sculpture and Sculptors, David Howarth The Limnings, Drawings and Prints in Charles I's Collection, Jane Roberts Charles I's Collection of Pictures, Francis Haskell Charles I and the Art of the Goldsmith, Ronald Lightbown The King's Regalia, Insignia and Jewellery, Ronald Lightbown "Shadows, not substantial things", Furniture in the Commonwealth Inventories, Simon Jervis Textile Furnishings, Donald King "Great vanity and excesse in Apparell", Some Clothing and Furs of Tudor and Stuart Royalty, Valerie Cumming Arms, Armour and Militaria, A.V.B. Norman The Household below Stairs - Officers and Equipment of the Stuart Court, Arthur MacGregor Horological, Mathematical and Musical Instruments - Science and Music at the Court of Charles I, Penelope Gouk "The King's Disport", Sports, Games and Pastimes of the Early Stuarts, Arthur MacGregor.

The late king's goods : collections, possessions, and patronage of Charles I in the light of the Commonwealth sale inventories

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The late king's goods : collections, possessions, and patronage of Charles I in the light of the Commonwealth sale inventories