A system for backing up files from disk volumes on multiple nodes of a computer network to a common random-access backup storage means. As part of the backup process, duplicate files (or portions of files) may be identified across nodes, so that only a single copy of the contents of the duplicate files (or portions thereof) is stored in the backup storage means. For each backup operation after the initial backup on a particular volume, only those files which have changed since the previous backup are actually read from the volume and stored on the backup storage means. In addition, differences between a file and its version in the previous backup may be computed so that only the changes to the file need to be written on the backup storage means. All of these enhancements significantly reduce both the amount of storage and the amount of network bandwidth required for performing the backup. Even when the backup data is stored on a shared-file server, data privacy can be maintained by encrypting each file using a key generated from a fingerprint of the file contents, so that only users who have a copy of the file are able to produce the encryption key and access the file contents. To view or restore files from a backup, a user may mount the backup set as a disk volume with a directory structure identical to that of the entire original disk volume at the time of the backup.

System for backing up files from disk volumes on multiple nodes of a computer network

A high availability, high reliability storage system (215) that leverages rapid advances in commodity computing devices and the robust nature of internetwork technology such as the Internet (213). A system of parity distribution (505) in accordance with the present invention allows for greater fault tolerance and levels of storage efficiency than possible with conventional RAID (levels 0-5) paradigms. Data can be recovered or made available even in the case of loss of N, N+1, or more devices or storage elements (215) over which stripes of the data set have been distributed or partitioned. The present invention provides a parity distribution that can be used to distribute data stored in a single storage device or across multiple connected or otherwise networked devices.

System and method for data protection with multidimensional parity

In a network environment (200), multiple clients (210) and multiple servers (230) are connected via a local area network (LAN) (220) to a tape backup apparatus (240). Each client (210) and each server is provided with backup agent software (215), which schedules backup operations on the basis of time since the last backup, the amount of information generated since the last backup, or the like. An agent (215a) also sends a request to the tape backup apparatus (240), prior to an actual backup, including information representative of the files that it intends to back up. The tape backup apparatus (240) is provided with a mechanism to receive backup requests from the client agents (215) and accept or reject backup requests on the basis of backup server loading, network loading, or the like. The tape backup apparatus (240) is further provided with mechanisms to enact redundant file elimination (RFE), whereby the server indicates to the client agents, prior to files being backed up, that certain of the files to be backed up are already stored by the backup server. Thus, the clients do not need to send the redundant files to be backed up. The tape backup apparatus (240) comprises a two-tier data storage system in which all backed up data is stored in on-line media, such as a hard disk (244). A copy of the data on the on-line media (244) is periodically backed up to off-line media, such as tape. The backup server is provided with mechanisms whereby a client can restore any of its 'lost' data by copying it directly from the on-line storage, without the need for backup administrator assistance.

Data backup and recovery systems

A computer apparatus and method for merging system deltas, and more particularly, to a computer apparatus and method for 1) merging a number of system deltas with a copy of a system's files (primary input stream) to create a revised copy of a system's files (primary output stream), 2) merging a plurality of system deltas with one another to create a compiled system delta, 3) creating inverse system deltas, and 4) merging inverse system deltas as in 1) and 2), supra. The methods may be used to save, construct and/or retrieve current and historical system states. The apparatus and method may be used in conjunction with a computer backup process, version manager, or the like.

Computer apparatus and method for merging system deltas

A checkpoint which describes a base file is produced by dividing the base file into a series of segments; generating for each segment a segment description; and creating from the generated segment descriptions a segment description structure as the checkpoint. The segment descriptions represent segments of the base file at a minimum level of resolution sufficient to represent distinctly the segment. A difference file which defines differences between an updated file and the base file is produced by generating at different levels of resolution segment descriptions for segments in the updated file and comparing the generated segment descriptions with segment descriptions in the checkpoint to identify matching and non-matching segments. Data identifying segments in the updated file that match segments in the base file and data representing portions of the updated file at a minimum level of resolution sufficient to represent distinctly the portion are stored as the difference file.

A method of producing a checkpoint which describes a base file and a method of generating a difference file defining differences between an updated file and a base file

A facility is provided for storing in a backup memory only those blocks of a file, or disk partition, which differ from corresponding blocks forming an earlier version of the file. Specifically, a file is divided into a number of blocks and a "signature" is generated for each such block. A block is then stored in the backup memory only if its associated signature differs from a signature generated for an earlier version of the block. In addition, if two blocks of the current version of the file have identical signatures and are to be stored in the backup memory, then only one of the two blocks is stored in the memory and a simple message indicating that the other block is equal to the one block is stored in the memory for the other block. Further, the application of such signatures is advantageously applied to the opposite case of restoring a file using copies of previous versions of the file that are stored in the backup memory.

Incremental computer file backup using check words

A facility is provided for storing in a backup memory (30-1-P) only those blocks of a file, or disk partition, which differ from corresponding blocks forming an earlier version of the file. Specifically, a file is divided into a number of blocks and a "signature" is generated for each such block. A block is then stored in the backup memory only if its associated signature differs from a signature generated for an earlier version of the block. In addition, if two blocks of the current version of the file have identical signatures and are to be stored in the backup memory, then only one of the two blocks is stored in the memory and a simple message indicating that the other block is equal to the one block is stored in the memory for the other block. Further, the application of such signatures is advantageously applied to the opposite case of restoring a file using copies of previous versions of the file that are stored in the backup memory.

Incremental-computer-file backup using signatures

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Incremental computer file backup using check words

Incremental-computer-file backup using signatures