Schiff bases are the most widely used versatile ligands, able to coordinate many elements and to stabilize them in various oxidation states. Recently, this class of compounds has been employed as models for biological systems, and in control of stereochemistry in six-coordinate transition metal complexes. Recently, the chemistry of organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases has also stemmed from their antitumour, antimicrobial, antinematicidal, anti-insecticidal and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases present a wide variety of interesting structural possibilities. Both aliphatic and aromatic Schiff bases in their neutral and deprotonated forms have been used to yield adducts and chelates with variable stoichiometry and different modes of coordination. This critical review (>155 references) focuses upon the chemistry and biological applications of organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases reported in the past 15 years. Thermal behavior of these complexes is also discussed.

Chemistry and applications of organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases

The synthesis, crystal structure, and characterizations of a new noncentrosymmetric vanadyl iodate NaVO2(IO3)2(H2O), are reported. NaVO2(IO3)2(H2O) crystallizes in the polar monoclinic space group P21 (No. 4) with a = 9.114(1) A, b = 5.2146(5) A, c = 9.216(1) A, and β = 111.298(8)°. It displays a unique layered structure composed of 1D right-handed helical chains of [(VO2)(IO3)2]− anions along the b-axis that are bridged by sodium(I) ions. The polarity in the structure is imparted by the alignment of the stereochemically active lone pairs of the iodate anions along the b-axis. On the basis of the powder second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements, NaVO2(IO3)2(H2O) belongs to the phase-matchable class with a very large SHG response of approximately 20 × KH2PO4 (KDP) or about 800 × α-quartz, which is in good agreement with the results from the theoretical calculations.

NaVO2(IO3)2(H2O): A Unique Layered Material Produces A Very Strong SHG Response

Coordination and organometallic complexes with second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties have attracted increasing attention as potential molecular building block materials for optical communications, optical data processing and storage, or electrooptical devices In particular, they can offer additional flexibility, when compared to organic chromophores, due to the presence of metal–ligand charge-transfer transitions, usually at relatively low-energy and of high intensity, tunable by virtue of the nature, oxidation state, and coordination sphere of the metal center This chapter presents an overview of the main classes of second-order NLO coordination and organometallic complexes with various ligands such as substituted amines, pyridines, stilbazoles, chelating ligands (bipyridines, phenanthrolines, terpyridines, Schiff bases), alkynyl, vinylidene, and cyclometallated ligands, macrocyclic ligands (porphyrins and phthalocyanines), metallocene derivatives, and chromophores with two metal centers The coverage, mainly from 2000 up to now, is focused on NLO properties measured at molecular level from solution studies, as well as on NLO properties of bulk materials

Coordination and Organometallic Complexes as Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Molecular Materials

Second-order nonlinear optics in coordination chemistry: An open door towards multi-functional materials and molecular switches

Structural and conformational analysis of neutral dinuclear diorganotin(IV) complexes derived from hexadentate Schiff base ligands

A series of 10 (2−11) new chiral (salicylaldiminato)tin Schiff base complexes obtained from the Schiff base condensation of 4-(diethylamino)salicylaldehyde and various amino acids, in the presence of diphenyltin oxide, is reported together with the parent achiral (1) derivative. Compounds 2−7 crystallize in the P212121 orthorhombic space group, and their quadratic nonlinear optical properties are investigated. At the molecular level, the derivatives possess similar electronic spectra (λmax ≈ 395 nm), and hence molecular hyperpolarizabilities (β), in relation to the same π-conjugated “push−pull” electronic structure. In the solid state, they exhibit efficiencies in second-harmonic generation (SHG) up to 8 times that of urea. The SHG intensities of chromophores 2−6 appear largely correlated with a simple “degree of chirality” (dχ) parameter, defined from the molecular geometries. The intriguing issue of a possible quantification of chirality by means of SHG measurement is addressed.

Second-Harmonic Generation within the P212121 Space Group, in a Series of Chiral (Salicylaldiminato)tin Schiff Base Complexes

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Second-Harmonic Generation within the P212121 Space Group, in a Series of Chiral (Salicylaldiminato)tin Schiff Base Complexes