A review of Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies, by Frans B. M. De Waal and Peter L. Tyack, editors, 2003. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 616pp. ISBN 0674009290. $49.95 USD. Hardcover.

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Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies

The development of autonomous cars has accelerated recently due to developments in artificial intelligence, processing capacity, and sensor technology. This paper is the implementation of an autonomous driving car which use an an array of sensors and Raspberry Pi microcontrollers. The main aim is to develop a scalable, low-cost prototype that can navigate predetermined routes with the least amount of human assistance. In daily life, driving consumes a significant portion of our time.The work carried out in this paper introduces a completely automated, or driverless vehicle that is intended to navigate and maintain road safety in order to address this problem. The creation of an autonomous car that can travel in all directionsforward, backward, left, and right-as well as stop on its own after path completion. A mechanism for automatically detecting obstacles and avoiding collisions is also included while travelling. Car prototype is capable of detecting traffic signals, traffic signs and take appropriate actions by itself. The Raspberry Pi 4, which manages the car’s autonomous functions, lies at the heart of this breakthrough. In a world where technology is growing, the car follows a predefined path and makes judgments on its own, making travel safer and more effective.

Transforming the Travel with OmniCruise: Designing a fully Directional Autonomous Car with Smart obstacle Detection and Collision Evasion

While autonomous driving is a growing trend in research, it is difficult to commercialize widely with a system that requires expensive sensors. In this paper, we only use a low-cost camera sensor to propose an autonomous driving algorithm including collision avoidance. The proposed algorithm is based on instance segmentation for lane keeping on two-lane roads. Collision avoidance is performed naturally by changing lanes when obstacles are detected during driving. At this point, the curvature obtained from the bounding box of the obstacle is reflected in the driving path. In short, instance segmentation results from low-cost camera images were utilized for lane keeping, lane changing, collision avoidance, and even reused for path planning to improve safety. To validate the proposed method, the experiments are conducted in simulated and real environments and the results are presented.

Collision Avoidance Approach for Autonomous Driving Using Instance Segmentation

Self‐Organization in Biological Systems.Princeton Studies in Complexity. ByScott Camazine,, Jean‐Louis Deneubourg,, Nigel R Franks,, James Sneyd,, Guy Theraulaz, and, Eric Bonabeau; original line drawings by, William Ristineand, Mary Ellen Didion; StarLogo programming by, William Thies. Princeton (New Jersey): Princeton University Press. $65.00. viii + 538 p + 8 pl; ill.; index. ISBN: 0–691–01211–3. 2001.

Crashes and the resulting damage are major issues in most countries' road transportation. Several factors play a role in causing road crashes and have been identified by researchers. One of the most significant factors in causing road accidents is the role of humans as drivers. Human errors play a key role in road crashes. So, the main aim of this research is to find, study, and rank some of the most significant human factors so that, with a good understanding of how important they are, solutions can be found to reduce road crashes. For this purpose, after examining and identifying the most common human factors, 15 factors that can have the greatest impact on road accidents were selected. An evaluation model was also used to evaluate and rank these factors using a combination of the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is one of the best ways to make decisions. The study was conducted on urban roads in Cosenza, located in the southern region of Italy. The obtained results indicated that the Drug and alcohol use (A9) and the Gender (A2) had the greatest and least impact on causing road crashes, respectively. Finally, some solutions were proposed to improve road safety in current situation.

Ranking of Human Factors in the Incidence of Road Crashes Based on Fuzzy Decision-Making Technique (a Case Study in Southern Italy)

A fully automated driving system allows an autonomous vehicle to adapt to external conditions that a human driver would typically handle. Using deep learning (DL), machine learning (ML), computer vision (CV), and conventional neural networks (CNN), a self-driving automobile will be developed in this study by modeling the design of a car body and the implementation of various sensors on the car chassis in order to automatically run the cars. In addition, the car will undergo real-time obstetrical on the roads and self-training in order to learn itself appropriately. In contrast, the fundamental principles of artificial intelligence and their relationship to the autonomous car are examined.

Developing a Self-Driving Autonomous Car using Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

Self-bottomed mussel beds are dominant feature of ecosystem-scale self-organization. Regular spatial patterns of mussel beds in inter-tidal zone are typical, aligned perpendicular to the average incoming tidal flow. In this paper, we consider a two-variable partial differential equations model of young mussel beds. Our aim is to study the existence and stability of periodic traveling waves in a one-parameter family of solutions. We consider a parameter regime to show pattern existence in the model of young mussel beds. In addition, it is found that the periodic traveling waves changes their stability by two ways: Hopf type and Eckhaus type. We explain this stability by the calculation of essential spectra at different grid points in the two-dimensional parameter plane. 
GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 38 (2018) 1-10

Numerical Bifurcation Analysis to Study Periodic Traveling Wave Solutions in a Model of Young Mussel Beds

Self-organized and spatially periodic banded vegetation patterns have been observed in many semi-arid ecosystems. In order to understand the mechanism of these patterns, we consider a system of reaction-advection-diffusion equations in a two-variable model of desertification. This work deals with the investigation of the existence of periodic traveling waves in a one-parameter family of solutions. In addition, we investigate the existence of periodic traveling waves as a function of water transport parameter in the model. 
GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 38 (2018) 27-46

Existence of Periodic Traveling Waves in the Klausmeier Model of Desertification and its Modification: A Comparative Study

Technology leads to flexible manufacturing and effective industrial automation. In this study, a robotic arm is designed named as bazu to do heavy work and shift material in a precise location. The primary objective of this paper is to develop 3 Degree of freedom (DOF) robotic manipulator arm which will be efficient for industrial application; Then to design and implement the ideas in a simulation to integrate the functionalities into 7 DOF robotic arm. A custom-made controller is designed and evaluated by task execution. Finally, by analyzing different user defined work output parameters are analyzed. In addition to that, Dynamic model identification, as well as retrieved feasible parameters, is used for designing the robotic arm.

Designing and Performance-Analysis of a 3 DOF Robotic Manipulator Arm and its Higher Order Integration for 7 DOF Robotic Arm

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Developing a Self-Driving Autonomous Car using Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

Numerical Bifurcation Analysis to Study Periodic Traveling Wave Solutions in a Model of Young Mussel Beds

Existence of Periodic Traveling Waves in the Klausmeier Model of Desertification and its Modification: A Comparative Study

Designing and Performance-Analysis of a 3 DOF Robotic Manipulator Arm and its Higher Order Integration for 7 DOF Robotic Arm