The large number of vehicles constantly seeking access to congested areas in cities means that finding a public parking place is often difficult and causes problems for drivers and citizens alike. In this context, strategies that guide vehicles from one point to another, looking for the most optimal path, are needed. Most contributions in the literature are routing strategies that take into account different criteria to select the optimal route required to find a parking space. This paper aims to identify the types of smart parking systems (SPS) that are available today, as well as investigate the kinds of vehicle detection techniques (VDT) they have and the algorithms or other methods they employ, in order to analyze where the development of these systems is at today. To do this, a survey of 274 publications from January 2012 to December 2019 was conducted. The survey considered four principal features: SPS types reported in the literature, the kinds of VDT used in these SPS, the algorithms or methods they implement, and the stage of development at which they are. Based on a search and extraction of results methodology, this work was able to effectively obtain the current state of the research area. In addition, the exhaustive study of the studies analyzed allowed for a discussion to be established concerning the main difficulties, as well as the gaps and open problems detected for the SPS. The results shown in this study may provide a base for future research on the subject.

Survey of Smart Parking Systems

Number of vehicles continues to increase in the urban place parallel with the infrastructure advancement. The increase of vehicles on road causes various problems and obstacles to find an empty parking slot. This problem often causes congestion, waste more effort and time-consuming process especially during rush hours when many people are driving for various reasons. In this paper, we explore the concept of smart parking based on the application of their categories and explain the classification from various parking support technologies. Present developed parking system supported by various technologies and the category. Classified the application function of this survey. The application of this smart parking application might assist in reducing congestion and other issue by manage the parking process. Achieve the key objective of this research as stated by various scientist and researcher to deliver an advanced parking system. Conducted by developing an application interface base on a mobile, desktop and web. It is an excellent determination for the parking management to deliver a real-time information update on the parking area, which is the point of interest as an improvement to the existing system and research.

Survey of smart parking application deployment

Bitcoin (Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system [Online] (2009). https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf) has attracted extensive attentions from both academia and industry, which initiates a wave of cryptocurrency. It has been widely believed that Blockchain (Bonneau et al., SoK: Research Perspectives and Challenges for Bitcoin and Cryptocurrencies, in Proc. IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP Narayanan et al., Bitcoin and cryptocurrency technologies (2016), pp. 1–308. http://www.freetechbooks.com/bitcoin-and-cryptocurrency-technologies-t938.html; Zhang et al., Int J Web Grid Serv 1–25, 2017; Dinh et al., IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 30(7):1366–1385, 2018) is the fundamental mechanism for running Bitcoin. Essentially speaking, blockchain technique used in Bitcoin is a public, distributed, and append-only ledger that is maintained and governed by a group of financially motivated miners who do not trust each other. In order to establish a trust environment, transactions (generated by users) are validated by miners and are recorded in a chain of blocks. Blocks are periodically created based on the consensus algorithms appended to the chain. This application formulates a few key characteristics of blockchain, such as distributed ledger storage, transparent operation, and tamper-resistant record.

Blockchain and Internet of Things

Parking is becoming a problem, especially during rush hour. This is an effect of increasing number of private cars that demand of parking space to follow increase. In order to anticipate this key issue of parking, then the smart parking system has been developed. Advancement of smart parking has been a key concern to produce an application system with high performance, flexibility, and scalability in emerging technologies that can provide information about parking in real-time. The empirical study in this area has conducted various parking system reservations, monitoring, and guidance systems that can make parking process easier. This review emphasizes the aim to give a narrative review of the papers in our pool of papers to prove the evidence and provide an application technology advancement to produce a real-time parking system. The review has included 22 papers from our pool of papers which has examined, which are analyzed from used system technology to build the smart parking application. The narrative review was carried out to exposes the existing application parking and compared to parking application that have implemented a MEAN stack. Search terms used in the literature review are applications that have been elaborate a study of smart parking application as a key concern of this study. Synthesis of the papers on the pool has suggested that there is an optimistic reason that a MEAN stack approach might be effective to produce a real-time application high performance, flexibility, and scalability technologies from a smart parking application.

MEAN stack to enhance the advancement of parking application: A narrative review

In recent years, especially in developing countries, the number of vehicles has rapidly increased, leading to an increase in the demand for parking spaces. The most effective method to overcome this is to efficiently manage existing car parks. For this purpose, intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications have been used for facilities. In this study, the effect of guidance according to parking preferences on the utilisation of car parks with the support of an intelligent parking guidance system is examined. The preference and choice of car parks were modelled based on the observed data by developing a simulation program and testing the validity of the model. Subsequently, the effects of various parameters (e.g., parking fees, walking distance, and driving distance) on the selection of car parks, which have been ignored in the existing ITS, were included in the examination of the model. The results indicate that the driving distance and carbon dioxide emission, walking distance, and parking fees are reduced by 17, 14, and 1%, respectively. This study shows that system efficiency can be enhanced by considering additional car park preference parameters in intelligent parking system designs and management.

Investigation of car park preference by intelligent system guidance

The City of White Plains has a residential population of 57,000 people, which increases every day by 225,000 people who come in from the outlying suburbs to work and shop in the city. Due to the traffic created and the large number of spread-out parking locations, there is an urgent demand of creating an mobile app allowing drivers to find available parking spaces easily. However, the solution specifically focusing on this issue has been rarely investigated by the prior research. In this paper, we represent our case study of a smart city web application using semantic design for a governmental organization's parking app. The app navigates customers to parking structures in conjunction with their destination. The app's user interface was constructed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and a tag-based network structure to facilitate exploratory behavior. The work culminated in a completed user interface, a report detailing its perceived benefits, and an evaluation of its application. Use cases are described for three applications-the Passport app currently employed by the City of White Plains, the app developed in this study, and a future app using Internet of Things (IoT) technology.

City of White Plains Parking App: Case Study of a Smart City Web Application

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City of White Plains Parking App: Case Study of a Smart City Web Application