Comparative study of phyllosilicate surface and sub-surface interlamellar water adsorption through crystal truncation rod modelling

Lattice metamaterials have gained considerable attention due to their distinctive topological structures and multifunctional properties. In this work, the effect of topology, loading conditions, and relative density on the effective mechanical properties of various novel lattice architectures is investigated numerically and experimentally. Thirteen strut-based lattices derived from triply periodic minimal surfaces (five lattices) as well as Platonic (three lattices) and Archimedean (five lattices) solids are considered for the first time, and their anisotropic mechanical properties, including uniaxial, shear, and bulk moduli and strengths as well as their total stiffness, buckling strengths, Poisson's ratio, and anisotropy are investigated as a function of a wide range of relative densities (0.1% to 37%). Finite element analysis is employed to capture the full effective behavior of these lattices using periodic boundary conditions. Bifurcation analysis is performed to predict the threshold relative density governing their buckling vs yielding deformation behavior. Selected lattice structures of various relative densities are 3D printed using polymer selective laser sintering additive manufacturing technique and tested under quasi-static uniaxial compression where the experimental and numerical results are compared. The numerical results indicate that the deformation behavior can be altered between stretching and bending dominated mode of deformation as function of loading. Archimedean lattices are shown to outperform a wide range of strut-based lattices. This work opens the doors for more investigations of the multifunctional properties of these novel types of lattices and their engineering applications. Furthermore, the generated comprehensive data are useful in optimizing latticed structures using topology optimization techniques. 

Stiffness, strength, anisotropy, and buckling of lattices derived from TPMS and Platonic and Archimedean solids

Understanding the Effect of Microstructure on the Failure Behavior of Additively Manufactured Al2O3 Ceramics: 3D Micromechanical Modeling

Biotite, an iron-rich mineral belonging to the trioctahedral mica group, is a naturally abundant layered material (LM) exhibiting attractive electronic properties for application in nanodevices. Biotite stands out as a non-degradable LM under ambient conditions, featuring high-quality basal cleavage - a significant advantage for van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) applications. In this work, we present the micro-mechanical exfoliation of biotite down to monolayers (1Ls), yielding ultrathin flakes with large areas and atomically flat surfaces. To identify and characterize the mineral, we conducted a multi-elemental analysis of biotite using energy-dispersive spectroscopy mapping. Additionally, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and infrared nano-spectroscopy were employed to probe its iron content and vibrational signature in few-layer form, respectively, with sensitivity to the layer number. We have also observed good morphological and structural stability in time (up to 12 months) and no important changes in their physical properties after thermal annealing processes in ultrathin biotite flakes. Conductive atomic force microscopy evaluated its electrical capacity, revealing an electrical breakdown strength of approximately 1 V/nm. Finally, we explore the use of biotite as a substrate and encapsulating LM in vdWH applications. We have performed optical and magneto-optical measurements at low temperatures. We find that ultrathin biotite flakes work as a good substrate for 1L-MoSe2, comparable to hexagonal boron nitride flakes, but it induces a small change of the 1L-MoSe2 g-factor values, most likely due to natural impurities on its crystal structure. Furthermore, our results show that biotite flakes are useful systems to protect sensitive LMs such as black phosphorus from degradation for up to 60 days in ambient air. Our study introduces biotite as a promising, cost-effective LM for the advancement of future ultrathin nanotechnologies. 

pdf/ultrathin-natural-biotite-crystals-as-a-dielectric-layer-for-7nf6h1p221ys.pdf

Ultrathin natural biotite crystals as a dielectric layer for van der Waals heterostructure applications

Tunable Electronic Properties of Multilayer Talc: Combined First-Principles and Experimental Insights

Many stiff biological materials exhibiting outstanding compressive strength/weight ratio are characterized by high porosity, spanning different size-scales, typical examples being bone and wood. A successful bio-mimicking of these materials is provided by a recently-obtained apatite, directly produced through a biomorphic transformation of natural wood and thus inheriting its highly hierarchical structure. This unique apatite (but also wood and bone) is characterized by two major distinct populations of differently-sized cylindrical voids, a porosity shown in the present paper to influence failure, both in terms of damage growth and fracture nucleation and propagation. This statement follows from failure analysis, developed through in-silico generation of artificial samples (reproducing the two-scale porosity of the material) and subsequent finite element modelling of damage, implemented with phase-field treatment for fracture growth. It is found that small voids promote damage nucleation and enhance bridging of macro-pores by micro-crack formation, while macro-pores influence the overall material response and drive the propagation of large fractures. Our results explain the important role of multiscale porosity characterizing stiff biological materials and lead to a new design paradigm, by introducing an in-silico tool to implement bio-mimicking in new artificial materials with brittle behaviour, such as carbide or ceramic foams.

pdf/phase-field-modelling-of-failure-in-ceramics-with-multiscale-1siwtwdv.pdf

Phase-field modelling of failure in ceramics with multiscale porosity

In the rapidly expanding field of two-dimensional materials, magnetic monolayers show great promise for the future applications in nanoelectronics, data storage, and sensing. The research in intrinsically magnetic two-dimensional materials mainly focuses on synthetic iodide and telluride based compounds, which inherently suffer from the lack of ambient stability. So far, naturally occurring layered magnetic materials have been vastly overlooked. These minerals offer a unique opportunity to explore air-stable complex layered systems with high concentration of local moment bearing ions. We demonstrate magnetic ordering in iron-rich two-dimensional phyllosilicates, focusing on mineral species of minnesotaite, annite, and biotite. These are naturally occurring van der Waals magnetic materials which integrate local moment baring ions of iron via magnesium/aluminium substitution in their octahedral sites. Due to self-inherent capping by silicate/aluminate tetrahedral groups, ultra-thin layers are air-stable. Chemical characterization, quantitative elemental analysis, and iron oxidation states were determined via Raman spectroscopy, wavelength disperse X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry measurements were performed to examine the magnetic ordering. These layered materials exhibit paramagnetic or superparamagnetic characteristics at room temperature. At low temperature ferrimagnetic or antiferromagnetic ordering occurs, with the critical ordering temperature of 38.7 K for minnesotaite, 36.1 K for annite, and 4.9 K for biotite. In-field magnetic force microscopy on iron bearing phyllosilicates confirmed the paramagnetic response at room temperature, present down to monolayers.

pdf/probing-magnetic-ordering-in-air-stable-iron-rich-van-der-1sqj4di4.pdf

Probing magnetic ordering in air stable iron-rich van der Waals minerals

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Phase-field modelling of failure in ceramics with multiscale porosity

Probing magnetic ordering in air stable iron-rich van der Waals minerals