A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells

Numerical simulations of two-phase flow in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using the volume of fluid method – A review

Temperature field sensing of a thin-wall component during machining: Numerical and experimental investigations

Two kinds of innovative 3‐dimensional (3D) proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathode flow channel designs were proposed to improve the water removal on the surface of gas diffusion layer and enhance mass transfer between flow channel and gas diffusion layer. A validated 2‐phase volume of fluid model was used to investigate different water removal behaviors in flow channel. The optimal length of water baffle and other parameters of the proposed designs were determined. A validated 3D PEMFC performance model was adopted to assess the new designs. The results suggest that these 2 designs can improve PEMFC performance as to 9% when operating at the high current density because of the significant enhancement of mass transfer induced by air baffles.

Numerical investigation of innovative 3D cathode flow channel in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Review on bubble dynamic of subcooled flow boiling-part b: Behavior and models

Estimation of heat flux imposed on the rake face of a cutting tool: A nonlinear, complex geometry inverse heat conduction case study

SUMMARY

A three-dimensional multiphase flow model has been developed to study dynamics of a water droplet on the surface of the channel of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Results are presented based on solving full Navier–Stokes equations for Newtonian liquids. The volume-of-fluid method is used to numerically determine the deformation of free surfaces. Water droplet and channel fluid properties determine whether the droplet deforms and remain stationary or disintegrate. We have shown the dependency of the water flooding to the flow rate and pressure drop in the channel has been introduced as a tool to determine water flooding in the channel. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Three‐dimensional multiphase flow model to study channel flow dynamics of PEM fuel cells

A model for the atomization and spray formation by splash plate nozzles is presented. This model is based on the liquid sheet formation theory due to an oblique impingement of a liquid jet on a solid surface. The continuous liquid sheet formed by the jet impingement is replaced with a set of dispersed droplets. The initial droplet sizes and velocities are determined based on theoretically predicted liquid sheet thickness and velocity. A Lagrangian spray code is used to model the spray dynamics and droplet size distribution further downstream of the nozzle. Results of this model are confirmed by the experimental data on the droplet size distribution across the spray. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010

An atomization model for splash plate nozzles

This chapter relates to the liquid sheets and their instability. Liquid sheet instability is due to the interaction between the liquid and its surrounding fluid. When the amplitude of a perturbation grows and reaches a critical value, sheet is disintegrated forming liquid ligaments. Here, the linear and nonlinear instability of an inviscid and viscous liquid sheet is discussed, showing the effect of the aerodynamic forces on the growth rate of the initially small perturbations. Other effects, such as the effect of initial velocity profile on the instability are also discussed.

Instability of Liquid Sheets

Three dimensional numerical simulations are conducted on a full scale CANDU Moderator and transient variations of the temperature and velocity distributions inside the tank are determined. The results show that the flow and temperature distributions inside the moderator tank are three dimensional and no symmetry plane can be identified. Competition between the upward moving buoyancy driven flows and the downward moving momentum driven flows in the center region of the tank, results in the formation of circulation zones. The moderator tank operates in the buoyancy driven mode and any small disturbances in the flow or temperature makes the system unstable and asymmetric. Different types of temperature fluctuations are noted inside the tank: (i) large amplitude are at the boundaries between the hot and cold; (ii) low amplitude are in the core of the tank; (iii) high frequency fluctuations are in the regions with high velocities and (iv) low frequency fluctuations are in the regions with lower velocities.

Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation of a Full Scale CANDU Reactor Moderator to Study Temperature Fluctuations

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