Lanthanide ions possess fascinating optical properties and their discovery, first industrial uses and present high technological applications are largely governed by their interaction with light. Lighting devices (economical luminescent lamps, light emitting diodes), television and computer displays, optical fibres, optical amplifiers, lasers, as well as responsive luminescent stains for biomedical analysis, medical diagnosis, and cell imaging rely heavily on lanthanide ions. This critical review has been tailored for a broad audience of chemists, biochemists and materials scientists; the basics of lanthanide photophysics are highlighted together with the synthetic strategies used to insert these ions into mono- and polymetallic molecular edifices. Recent advances in NIR-emitting materials, including liquid crystals, and in the control of luminescent properties in polymetallic assemblies are also presented. (210 references.)

Taking advantage of luminescent lanthanide ions

Recent startling interest for lanthanide luminescence is stimulated by the continuously expanding need for luminescent materials meeting the stringent requirements of telecommunication, lighting, electroluminescent devices, (bio-)analytical sensors and bio-imaging set-ups. This critical review describes the latest developments in (i) the sensitization of near-infrared luminescence, (ii) “soft” luminescent materials (liquid crystals, ionic liquids, ionogels), (iii) electroluminescent materials for organic light emitting diodes, with emphasis on white light generation, and (iv) applications in luminescent bio-sensing and bio-imaging based on time-resolved detection and multiphoton excitation (500 references).

/pdf/lanthanide-luminescence-for-functional-materials-and-bio-1w9cppwf8r.pdf

Lanthanide luminescence for functional materials and bio-sciences

Lanthanide-based luminescent hybrid materials.

This review gives a survey on the latest most representative developments and progress concerning ionic liquids, from their fundamental properties to their applications in catalytic processes. It also highlights their emerging use for biomass treatment and transformation.

Ionic liquids and catalysis: Recent progress from knowledge to applications

Lignocellulose represents a key sustainable source of biomass for transformation into biofuels and bio-based products. Unfortunately, lignocellulosic biomass is highly recalcitrant to biotransformation, both microbial and enzymatic, which limits its use and prevents economically viable conversion into value-added products. As a result, effective pretreatment strategies are necessary, which invariably involves high energy processing or results in the degradation of key components of lignocellulose. In this work, the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][CH3COO]), was used as a pretreatment solvent to extract lignin from wood flour. The cellulose in the pretreated wood flour becomes far less crystalline without undergoing solubilization. When 40% of the lignin was removed, the cellulose crystallinity index dropped below 45, resulting in > 90% of the cellulose in wood flour to be hydrolyzed by Trichoderma viride cellulase. [Emim] [CH3COO] was easily reused, thereby resulting in a highly concentrated solution of chemically unmodified lignin, which may serve as a valuable source of a polyaromatic material as a value-added product.

http://www-heparin.rpi.edu/main/files/papers/461.pdf

Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis

Europium‐Based Ionic Liquids as Luminescent Soft Materials

Intense near-infrared luminescence of anhydrous lanthanide(III) iodides in an imidazolium ionic liquid

The "noncoordinating" anion Tf2N- coordinates to Yb2+: a structurally characterized Tf2N- complex from the ionic liquid [mppyr][Tf2N].

Purposely designed ionic liquids can be excellent solvents for spectroscopic studies of rare earth compounds. Absorption and emission spectra of anhydrous PrI3 and Pr(Tf2N)3 in the ionic liquid 1,1-n-butyl-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide, [bmpyr][Tf2N], at room temperature are presented together with the emission spectra of solid [bmpyr]2[Pr(Tf2N)5] and [bmpyr]4[PrI6][Tf2N]. After excitation into the 3P1 level, remarkable luminescence not only from the 1D2 level but also from the 3P0 and even from the 3P1 level is observed. Amazingly in the case of the solid compounds and even more astonishing for a solution of Pr(Tf2N)3 in [bmpyr][Tf2N] the strongest luminescence transitions start from the 3P0 level. From a solution of PrI3 in [bmpyr][Tf2N] single crystals of [bmpyr]4[PrI6][Tf2N] were grown. The compound crystallizes in the space group P43212 with a = b = 1464.8(2) pm and c = 2846.9(5) pm at 298(2) K and a = b = 1454.52(7) pm and c = 2852.4(2) pm at 170(2) K, respectively. The stru...

https://works.bepress.com/anja_mudring/57/download/

Anhydrous Praseodymium Salts in the Ionic Liquid [bmpyr][Tf2N]: Structural and Optical Properties of [bmpyr]4[PrI6][Tf2N] and [bmyr]2[Pr(Tf2N)5]

Solvent‐Solute Interactions in Ionic Liquids

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