Major threats of pollution and climate change to global coastal ecosystems and enhanced management for sustainability.

Progress in Oceanography Vol. 1. Edited by Dr. M. Sears. Pp. vii + 383. (Oxford, London, New York and Paris: Pergamon Press, 1963.) 100s.

/pdf/progress-in-oceanography-1qkntmpbwa.pdf

Progress in Oceanography

/pdf/otoliths-in-archaeology-methods-applications-and-future-1ox3vqmvmm.pdf

Otoliths in archaeology: Methods, applications and future prospects

The expansion of commercial aquaculture production has raised awareness of issues relating to the welfare of aquatic animals. The “Five Freedoms” approach to animal welfare was originally devised for farmed terrestrial animals, and has been applied in some countries to aquatic animals reared in aquaculture due to several commonalities inherent within food production systems. There are now moves towards assessing and addressing aquatic animal welfare issues that may arise in wild capture fisheries. However, all “five freedoms” are regularly contradicted in the natural environment, meaning this concept is inappropriate when considering the welfare of aquatic animals in their natural environments. The feelings-based approach to welfare relies on a suffering centered view that, when applied to the natural aquatic environment, requires use of value judgements, cannot encompass scientific uncertainty regarding awareness in fish, elasmobranchs and invertebrates (despite their unquestioned welfare needs), and cannot resolve the welfare conundrums posed by predator–prey interactions or anthropocentrically mediated environmental degradation. For these reasons, the feelings-based approach to welfare is inadequate, inappropriate and must be rejected if applied to aquatic animals in wild capture fisheries, because it demonstrably ignores empirical evidence and several realities apparent within the natural aquatic environment. Furthermore, application of the feelings-based approach is counterproductive as it can alienate key fisheries stakeholders, many of whom are working to address environmental issues of critical importance to the welfare, management and conservation of aquatic animal populations in their natural environment. In contrast, the function-based and nature-based approaches for defining animal welfare appear appropriate for application to the broad range of welfare issues (including emerging environmental issues such as endocrine disruption) that affect aquatic animals in their natural environment, without the need to selectively ignore groups such as elasmobranchs and invertebrates. We consider that the welfare needs of aquatic animals are inextricably entwined with the need for conservation of their populations, communities and their environment, an approach that is entirely consistent with the concept of ecosystem-based management.

/pdf/ecology-and-welfare-of-aquatic-animals-in-wild-capture-1i38ber2tz.pdf

Ecology and welfare of aquatic animals in wild capture fisheries

Trophodynamics of the eastern Great Australian Bight ecosystem: Ecological change associated with the growth of Australia's largest fishery

The stock structure of small pelagic fishes is difficult to determine due to their patchy distribution and complex movement patterns. We integrate genetic, morphological, otolith, growth, reproductive and fishery data collected over 60 years using a Stock Differentiation Index (SDI). The absence of strong separation (SDI > 0.66) of most adjacent sub-groups supports the hypothesis that sardine (Sardinops sagax) in Australian waters is a meta-population, but with effective isolation of at least four stocks: south western coast (off Western Australia); Great Australian Bight and Spencer Gulf; Bass Strait and Port Phillip Bay (off Victoria and Tasmania); and eastern Australia. There is also evidence for sub-division of the stocks off Western Australia and the east coast. We examine age-related and inter-annual patterns of stock structure off South Australia and the east coast through integrated analysis of otolith chemistry and shape data. For the east coast, there were significant differences between northern and southern sub-groups for all three age cohorts examined. Fish were correctly classified to sampling region with a high degree of success (>80%), supporting the sub-division of the east coast stock suggested by the SDI. For South Australia, there were significant differences among two sub-groups for most cohorts examined across two sampling years. However, spatial discriminatory power was poor, with allocation success ranging from 48 to 64%. Results suggest that movements between the two South Australian sub-groups may vary among years, which is consistent with inconclusive SDI (0.5). Integrating historical data using a SDI is suitable for identifying fishery management units. Integrated analysis of otoliths from archival collections is useful for examining temporal variability in stock structure, which is also important for fisheries management. Our findings are relevant to fisheries where sustainability risks are increased by management arrangements based on assumptions that stock structure is absent or stable.

Integrated approach to determining stock structure: implications for fisheries management of sardine, Sardinops sagax , in Australian waters

Life history of Argyrosomus japonicus, a large sciaenid at the southern part of its global distribution: Implications for fisheries management

Analyses of data collected over a decade off southern Australia confirm that estimates of spawning biomass of Sardinops sagax obtained using the daily egg production method are imprecise and suggest that if inappropriate analytical methods are used, estimates may also be biased. Spawning biomass estimates are most affected by variation in mean daily egg production (P0), spawning area, and spawning fraction. The log-linear mortality model (with one egg added to each day class of eggs at each positive site) should be used to estimate P0 because it fits strongly over-dispersed sardine egg density data better and provides more logically consistent and precautionary estimates of P0 than the exponential mortality model or generalized linear models. Most generalized linear models produced inflated estimates of P0 when egg data were strongly over-dispersed. The area surveyed should be sub-divided into a large number (e.g., 300) of similar sized grids. The Voronoi natural neighbor method should be used to calculate grid size for estimation of the spawning area because it reduces subjectivity in sub-division of the sampling area. Potential biases in spawning fraction can be minimized by calculating this parameter using data from all three stages of post-ovulatory follicles (combined). Priorities for future research are identified.

Use of the Daily Egg Production Method for Stock Assessment of Sardine, Sardinops sagax; Lessons Learned over a Decade of Application off Southern Australia

https://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/232260/2012_Sardine_Common_Dolphin_Interactions_Report.pdf

Effectiveness of an industry code of practice in mitigating the operational interactions of the South Australian sardine fishery with the short-beaked common dolphin ( Delphinus delphis )

South Australian sardine ( Sardinops sagax ) fishery: stock assessment report 2012

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