Biological Indicators of Freshwater Pollution and Environmental Management

Mechanistic toxicity of DEHP at environmentally relevant concentrations (ERCs) and ecological risk assessment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

In recent years, ecosystem service values (ESV) have attracted much attention. However, studies that use ecological sensitivity methods as a basis for predicting future urban expansion and thus analyzing spatial-temporal change of ESV are scarce in the region. In this study, we used the CA-Markov model to predict the 2030 urban expansion under ecological sensitivity in the Three Gorges Reservoir area based on multi-source data, estimations of ESV from 2000 to 2018 and predictions of ESV losses from 2018 to 2030. Research results: (i) In the concept of green development, the ecological sensitive zone has been identified in Three Gorges Reservoir area; it accounts for about 35.86% of the study area. (ii) It is predicted that the 2030 urban land will reach 211,412.51 ha by overlaying the ecological sensitive zone. (iii) The total ESV of Three Gorges Reservoir area showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2018 with growth values of about USD 3644.26 million, but the ESVs of 16 districts were decreasing, with Dadukou and Jiangbei having the highest reductions. (iv) New urban land increases by 80,026.02 ha from 2018 to 2030. The overall ESV losses are about USD 268.75 million. Jiulongpo, Banan and Shapingba had the highest ESV losses.

Evaluation of ESV Change under Urban Expansion Based on Ecological Sensitivity: A Case Study of Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China

There exists spatial heterogeneity in the water environment in different areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA) after impoundment.In order to explore the effects of different water environmental conditions on the heavy metals concentrations in the fishes in TGRA,we selected the river mouth(Wushan) and backwater area(Dachang) of Daning River,a typical tributary in central TGRA,as the study areas.Eleven fish species were collected from each of the two sites,and the Cr,Cd,As,Pb,Ni,Cu and Zn concentrations in the muscle tissue of all fish samples were determined.The food sources and nutrition levels of the fish samples were evaluated by using stable isotope analysis(δ13C and δ15N).It was found that the fishes in Dachang had greater range of δ13C values(-28.8‰——22.5‰) than those in Wushan(-26.2‰——23.1‰),while the δ15N values of the fishes in Dachang were lower than those in Wushan.There were no significant differences in the heavy metal concentrations in the fishes in Dachang and Wushan,but the heavy metal concentrations in demersal fishes in Dachang were significantly higher than those in corresponding species in Wushan.As compared with other fishes,the demersal fishes in backwater water area had more contact with sediments,which could be an important reason for the higher heavy metal levels in the demersal fish tissues.

Characteristics of heavy metals pollution of fishes in Daning River of Three Gorges Reservoir Area during initial impoundment.

Phosphorus in water is mainly from exogenous phosphorus and internal phosphorus.At present,the release of internal phosphorus is becoming the main source of water eutrophication,so that the research of the release mechanism and control technology of internal phosphorus is of great significance.The paper introduced the cycling mechanism of sediments,and described the factors including dissolved oxygen,temperature and pH value had great influences on the phosphorus release in sediments.It also reviewed the commonly used technologies controlling phosphorus release,and considered that the low-cost and efficient chemical remediation technology had a good development prospect,the combination of dredging and ecological restoration may become a developing direction of controlling phosphorus release in sediments.

Study on Phosphorus Release Mechanism in Sediments of Eutrophic Water and the Controlling Technology

The Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) stretches along the Yangtze River from Jiangjin District, Chongqing to Yichang, Hubei in China. Since TGRA is the main source of drinking water and fresh fishery in China for millions of people, both researchers and the government have concerns for environmental pollution and ecological security in the TGRA. This review highlighted the status and trends of primary water pollutants/parameters in the TGRA and evaluates their impacts on its ecological health for nearly 12 years. In this study, we analyzed the published data including the bulletin on the ecological and environmental monitoring results of the three gorges project, statistical yearbook data from years 2004 to 2015 and published articles. Chemical indicators model was applied to elucidate the ecological health of TGRA based on nitrogenous compounds, phosphorus compounds, organic reducing substances, volatile phenol and heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Cu, Hg, As and Zn). The results showed that the ecological health conditions slightly varied during these years in the TGRA. Moreover, the value of ecological health in spring, summer and autumn was lower than that in winter. Generally, the overall ecological health of the TGRA during these 12 years seems to be stable. Although the ecological health of TGRA is good, there is an urgent need to strictly implement the industrial discharges standards to assure the ecological integrity and sustainable development of the TGRA.

The Status of Pollutants in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China and its Ecological Health Assessment

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The Status of Pollutants in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China and its Ecological Health Assessment