Recent advances and future trends in processing methods and characterization technologies of aluminum foam composite structures: A review

We created a density-graded, open-cell, aluminum foam core sandwich (AFS) by joining, alternately arranged Al sheets and three different relative density (ρ* = 7%, 29%, and, 42%) foams using a zinc filler. A defect free, lamellar, α + η microstructure was observed in the foam/facesheet joint interface. Vickers microhardness and nanoindentation of the joint revealed higher hardness in the Zn filler compared to foam struts and sheets. The density-graded AFS showed a staggered compressive stress-strain response and its energy absorption increased by up to 607% compared to as-received (7% ρ*) foam core AFS. Three-point bend testing of the density-graded AFS showed indentation, foam strut bending, core shear and interface debonding as major failure mechanisms. Our results show that density-grading of foam core by introducing different relative density foam layers is a viable method to tailor the mechanical response of AFS.

Aluminum foam sandwich with density-graded open-cell core: Compressive and flexural response

Metalloids and transition/refractory elements typically differ significantly in the electronic structure and atomic size, allowing for stronger solid-solution hardening in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) as well as improved work-hardening capability, which leads to exceptional strength-ductility synergy. In this regard, Si addition has opened up a new pathway for developing novel and high-performance HEAs, which has recently attracted considerable attention from the materials science community. Accordingly, the present review paper summarizes the recent progress in tailoring the mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of Si-added HEAs. After reviewing the general strengthening mechanisms of HEAs, the impact of Si addition is critically discussed, especially its effects on the (I) solid-solution hardening by local lattice distortion and chemical short-range order hardening, (II) second-phase strengthening by promoting the formation of disordered solid-solution phases, silicides, σ-phase, and other intermetallics, (III) structural refinement and facilitating the development of heterostructures, and (IV) work-hardening behavior by altering the dislocation arrangements, boosting the twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) effect as well as HCP and BCC transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect by reduced and variable stacking fault energy (SFE). Finally, the research gaps and future prospects are introduced, including metastability engineering, superplasticity, application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques, and additive manufacturing. 

Tailoring the strengthening mechanisms of high-entropy alloys toward excellent strength-ductility synergy by metalloid silicon alloying: A review

A novel concept of developing multi-principal elements, or compositional complex alloys is referred as high-entropy alloys (HEAs). This review addresses the role of entropy in alloying additions along with the effect of various elements listed in the periodic table in forming the HEAs. Phase formation rules and the associated parameters along with their significance are discussed. The physical metallurgy technique is elaborated with reference to the high-entropy effect, severe lattice distortion effect, sluggish diffusion effect, and cocktail effects. Various types of HEAs such as light weight HEAs, nanoprecipitate HEAs, ultrafine-grained HEAs, dual-phase HEAS and TRIP/TWIN HEAs are discussed. Further, the effects of mechanical alloying in HEAs are presented. Finally, the microstructural effects and mechanical properties of HEAs are addressed with reference to the published literature. 

Development of high entropy alloys (HEAs): Current trends

The application of single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) medium entropy alloys (MEAs) in the engineering industry is often hindered by the challenge of insufficient strength. In this study, a novel non-equiatomic ratio Ni40Co30Cr20Al5Ti5 MEA was successfully fabricated. Through the well-designed mechanical heat treatment processing, we introduced a heterogeneous grain structure comprising 67.4% fine grain and 32.6% coarse grain. Additionally, heterogeneous size L12 phases consisting of 18.7% submicron precipitates and 11.7% nano-sized precipitates, were incorporated into the alloy. Tensile tests conducted at room temperature revealed that the double heterogeneous structure alloy demonstrated remarkable strength–ductility synergy. It exhibited a yield strength of 1200 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 1560 MPa and a total elongation of 33.6%. The exceptional strength of the alloy can be primarily attributed to heterogeneous deformation induced strengthening, grain boundary strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The excellent ductility is mainly attributed to the high-density stacking faults and Lomer–Cottrell locks. This study not only contributes to the clarification of the strengthening and deformation mechanism of double heterogeneous structure alloys but also provides an effective strategy for the development of high-performance alloys with high strength and ductility. 

Double heterogeneous structures induced excellent strength-ductility synergy in Ni40Co30Cr20Al5Ti5 medium-entropy alloy

Three-point bending performance of a new aluminum foam composite structure

Excellent strength-ductility combination in Co36Cr15Fe18Ni18Al8Ti4Mo1 multi-principal element alloys by dual-morphology B2 precipitates strengthening

A novel high-strength and high-ductility CoCrNi medium entropy alloy by Ti/Mo co-doping

Multiscale-phase-driven strength-ductility synergy in Fe3Cr2CoNiAlx high entropy alloys

Ultra-High Strength and Excellent Ductility High Entropy Alloy Induced by Nano-Lamellar Precipitates and Ultrafine Grain Structure

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