Glioma detection based on multi-fractal features of segmented brain MRI by particle swarm optimization techniques

AimThe aim of this article is to assess diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in differentiating low-grade from high-grade gliomas.Patients and methodsA prospective study was conducted on 35 patients with gliomas who underwent DTI. Gliomas were classified into low-grade and high-grade gliomas. The fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), linear coefficient (CL), planar coefficient (CP) and spherical coefficient (CS) of the solid tumoral part and peri-tumoral regions were calculated.ResultsThere was significant difference (p = 0.001) in MD of the solid tumoral part of low-grade (1.78 ± 0.33 × 10−3 mm2/s) and high-grade (1.16 ± 0.22 × 10−3 mm2/s) gliomas. The selection of 1.42 × 10−3 mm2/s as a cutoff value of MD of the tumoral part was used to differentiate low-grade and high-grade gliomas; the best results were obtained with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.957 and accuracy of 91.4%. There was a significant difference in FA, MD, CP and CS of peri-tumoral regions of both groups with p values of 0...

Assessment of diffusion tensor imaging metrics in differentiating low-grade from high-grade gliomas

Uterine sarcoma is a rare neoplasm, accounting for only 5% of uterine malignancies. The pathogenesis of uterine sarcoma remains largely unknown, although recent basic science and pre-clinical animal models have provided a better understanding of tumor biology. The aim of this study was to review the clinical features, imaging characteristics, genetic aberrations and therapeutic approaches in uterine sarcoma. This study reviewed the English-language literature on clinical and basic studies on uterine sarcoma. The common variants of uterine sarcoma are carcinosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). Genetic profiling efforts have identified amplification, overexpression and mutation, while the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis driven by these genomic and genetic aberrations have yet to be fully elucidated yet. Recent genome-wide studies have also identified complex chromosomal rearrangements as oncogenic mechanisms. The cell cycle regulators, p16 and p53, are frequently over-expressed and appear to be involved in key modifications of sarcomagenesis. Molecular-targeted therapy has now been evaluated in clinical trials for certain subtypes. In conclusion, aberrations of cell cycle control would be a critical step in the development of uterine sarcoma. This review has provided new areas of study targeting molecular and genetic pathways.

/pdf/the-biology-of-uterine-sarcomas-a-review-and-update-1wfm2yzq7x.pdf

The biology of uterine sarcomas: A review and update.

Various computer systems have attracted more researchers’ attention to arrive at a qualitative diagnosis in a few times. Different brain tumor classification approaches are proposed due to lesion complexity. This complexity makes the early tumor diagnosis using magnetic resonance images (MRI) a hard step. However, the accuracy of these techniques requires a significant amelioration to meet the needs of real-world diagnostic situations. We aim to classify three brain tumor types in this paper. A new technique is suggested which provides excellent results and surpasses the previous schemes. The proposed scheme makes use of the normalization, dense speeded up robust features, and histogram of gradient approaches to ameliorate MRI quality and generate a discriminative feature set. We exploit support vector machine in the classification step. The suggested system is benchmarked on an important dataset. The accuracy achieved based on this scheme is 90.27%. This method surpassed the most recent system according to experimental results. The results were earned through a strict statistical analysis (k-fold cross-validation), which proves the reliability and robustness of the suggested method.

Brain tumor classification based on hybrid approach

In the treatment of brain tumors, surgical intervention remains a common and effective therapeutic option. Recent advances in neuroimaging have provided neurosurgeons with new tools to overcome the challenge of differentiating healthy tissue from tumor-infiltrated tissue, with the aim of increasing the likelihood of maximizing the extent of resection volume while minimizing injury to functionally important regions. Novel applications of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and DTI-derived tractography (DDT) have demonstrated that preoperative, non-invasive mapping of eloquent cortical regions and functionally relevant white matter tracts (WMT) is critical during surgical planning to reduce postoperative deficits, which can decrease quality of life and overall survival. In this review, we summarize the latest developments of applying DTI and tractography in the context of resective surgery and highlight its utility within each stage of the neurosurgical workflow: preoperative planning and intraoperative management to improve postoperative outcomes.

/pdf/current-applications-of-diffusion-tensor-imaging-and-1dexv83rup.pdf

Current Applications of Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Tractography in Intracranial Tumor Resection.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging in brain tumors: A study on gliomas and metastases

https://www.ajronline.org/doi/pdf/10.2214/ajr.181.6.1811673

Sonography and MRI of Tamoxifen-Associated Müllerian Adenosarcoma of the Uterus

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare soft-tissue neoplasm found mainly in the female pelvis. Approximately 130 cases have been reported in the literature to date. In most cases treatment consists of surgical resection, but local recurrence rates remain high (36-72%). Therefore, long-term follow up is necessary and magnetic resonance imaging seems to be the preferred method for detecting recurrence. We report our experience of a primary and a recurrent aggressive angiomyxoma.

Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva extending into the pelvis: Report of two cases

Anorexia nervosa (AN), usually seen in young girls, is characterised by severe emaciation induced by self-imposed starvation. Enlargement of the ventricular system and sulci has been reported, as has high signal on T2-weighted images. We present a case with atrophic changes and high signal on T2-weighted images, which resolved completely following weight gain.

Reversible brain atrophy and subcortical high signal on MRI in a patient with anorexia nervosa

The case of a 64-year-old male patient who presented with a bulky osseous tumor metastasis from renal cell carcinoma is reported. The metastatic lesion extended from the acetabulum of the left iliac bone into the iliosacral joint. Treatment plan included selective arterial embolization followed by transdermal radiofrequency ablation, followed by consolidation irradiation. This sequence resulted in considerable necrosis of the bulk of the tumor and creation of a large tissue deficit, which healed over the period of several months despite anti-angiogenetic systematic treatment. The patient remains in good state of health, 20 months after the procedure. This case illustrates the usefulness of the embolization-ablation sequence in controlling large osseus metastasis.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.4076%2F1757-1626-2-6484.pdf

Successful management of bulky osseous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma with selective arterial embolization and radiofrequency ablation: a case report

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