This paper proposes a method of modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays. The main objective is to find the parameters of the nonlinear I-V equation by adjusting the curve at three points: open circuit, maximum power, and short circuit. Given these three points, which are provided by all commercial array data sheets, the method finds the best I-V equation for the single-diode photovoltaic (PV) model including the effect of the series and parallel resistances, and warranties that the maximum power of the model matches with the maximum power of the real array. With the parameters of the adjusted I-V equation, one can build a PV circuit model with any circuit simulator by using basic math blocks. The modeling method and the proposed circuit model are useful for power electronics designers who need a simple, fast, accurate, and easy-to-use modeling method for using in simulations of PV systems. In the first pages, the reader will find a tutorial on PV devices and will understand the parameters that compose the single-diode PV model. The modeling method is then introduced and presented in details. The model is validated with experimental data of commercial PV arrays.

Comprehensive Approach to Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Arrays

This book, written by two major figures in adaptive control, provides a wealth of material for researchers, practitioners, and students. While some researchers in adaptive control may note the absence of a particular topic, the book‘s scope represents a high-gain instrument. It can be used by designers of control systems to enhance their work through the information on many new theoretical developments, and can be used by mathematical control theory specialists to adapt their research to practical needs. The book is strongly recommended to anyone interested in adaptive control.

Adaptive Control

Electronic devices have advanced from their heavy, bulky origins to become smart, mobile appliances. Nevertheless, they remain rigid, which precludes their intimate integration into everyday life. Flexible, textile and stretchable electronics are emerging research areas and may yield mainstream technologies. Rollable and unbreakable backplanes with amorphous silicon field-effect transistors on steel substrates only 3 μm thick have been demonstrated. On polymer substrates, bending radii of 0.1 mm have been achieved in flexible electronic devices. Concurrently, the need for compliant electronics that can not only be flexed but also conform to three-dimensional shapes has emerged. Approaches include the transfer of ultrathin polyimide layers encapsulating silicon CMOS circuits onto pre-stretched elastomers, the use of conductive elastomers integrated with organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) on polyimide islands, and fabrication of OFETs and gold interconnects on elastic substrates to realize pressure, temperature and optical sensors. Here we present a platform that makes electronics both virtually unbreakable and imperceptible. Fabricated directly on ultrathin (1 μm) polymer foils, our electronic circuits are light (3 g m(-2)) and ultraflexible and conform to their ambient, dynamic environment. Organic transistors with an ultra-dense oxide gate dielectric a few nanometres thick formed at room temperature enable sophisticated large-area electronic foils with unprecedented mechanical and environmental stability: they withstand repeated bending to radii of 5 μm and less, can be crumpled like paper, accommodate stretching up to 230% on prestrained elastomers, and can be operated at high temperatures and in aqueous environments. Because manufacturing costs of organic electronics are potentially low, imperceptible electronic foils may be as common in the future as plastic wrap is today. Applications include matrix-addressed tactile sensor foils for health care and monitoring, thin-film heaters, temperature and infrared sensors, displays, and organic solar cells.

An ultra-lightweight design for imperceptible plastic electronics

This chapter gives a description and overview of power electronic technologies including a description of the fundamental systems that are the building blocks of power electronic systems. Technologies that are described include: power semiconductor switching devices, converter circuits that process energy from one DC level to another DC level, converters that produce variable frequency from DC sources, principles of rectifying AC input voltage in uncontrolled DC output voltage and their extension to controlled rectifiers, converters that convert to AC from DC (inverters) or from AC with fixed or variable output frequency (AC controllers, DC–DC–AC converters, matrix converters, or cycloconverters). The chapter also covers control of power converters with focus on pulse width modulation (PWM) control techniques.

https://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9781447151036-c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1404710-p175009438

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis desalination

This paper proposes four reduced switch count dual-winding ac motor drive topolo- gies. Two topologies consist of a five-leg converter feeding a dual-winding induction machine. The other topologies are conceived to be used with four-leg converters. The control strategies for the motor drive systems are investigated. The main characteristics of the motor drive systems are also presented. Simulated and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the pro- posed solutions.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/10552/33408/01581707.pdf

Reduced Switch Count Dual-Winding AC Motor Drive Systems

In this article a visual feedback control system implementation is presented. The proposed system integrates a trajectory planning method into the controller of a five-degree-of-freedom manipulator aiming to simplify object handling and obstacle avoidance. The system aims the intelligent handling of several parts, generating obstacle free paths whenever possible. The workspace information is provided by a redundant vision system: a RGB camera placed over the handler actuator and a fixed RGB-D camera.

Visual feedback trajectory planning for object handling and obstacle avoidance

Fouling detection is a relevant problem for chemical, oil, food and pharmaceutical industries. Fouling consists of the deposition of heavy organic materials and other dissolved solids or in suspension in fluid transport system. The ultrasonic guided waves present specific characteristics and have demonstrated good results in detection of flaws in pipelines. In this paper, the application of wavelet transform to analyze ultrasonic signals in order to detect fouling in pipelines is presented. A platform of tests has been used to emulate the fouling problem. The pipelines were used as a medium to guide ultrasonic waves and weekly measurements were used to observe the fouling process. The Daubechies 4 and Haar wavelets were applied to each measurement set. The results reveal that the variations of the energy-spectrum of the wavelet detail coefficients may provide an appropriate way to detect fouling, since it was observed that the increase of the fouling causes a notable reduction in the energy values

3E-5 Wavelet-Based Method for Fouling Detection Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves

This paper presents a Petri Net (PN) model conceived to be employed with the Supervisory Control Theory (SCT). The supervisor synthesis is obtained by processing both the system and specification models through the proposed algorithms. These algorithms make possible to obtain the controller of a discrete event system based on a given specification. Its simplicity and efficiency are demonstrated using a typical manufacturing cell problem.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-0-387-34910-7_6.pdf

Transition Enabling Petri Nets to Supervisory Control Theory

This paper presents three motor drive system topologies using five-leg converters. The proposed configurations present lower dc-link voltage than their counterparts found in the literature. All the topologies use ten power switches and does not have any connection to the mid-point of the capacitor bank. Model, pulse-width modulation techniques and control strategies are investigated. The main characteristics of the drive systems are also presented. Experimental and simulated results demonstrate the feasibility of the systems.

Two motors drive system topologies with five-leg inverter

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