The term plasma actuator has now been a part of the fluid dynamics flow-control vernacular for more than a decade. A particular type of plasma actuator that has gained wide use is based on a single–dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) mechanism that has desirable features for use in air at atmospheric pressures. For these actuators, the mechanism of flow control is through a generated body-force vector field that couples with the momentum in the external flow. The body force can be derived from first principles, and the effect of plasma actuators can be easily incorporated into flow solvers so that their placement and operation can be optimized. They have been used in a wide range of internal and external flow applications. Although initially considered useful only at low speeds, plasma actuators are effective in a number of applications at high subsonic, transonic, and supersonic Mach numbers, owing largely to more optimized actuator designs that were developed through better understanding and modeling of...

Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators for Flow Control

The application of strong electric fields in water and organic liquids has been studied for several years, because of its importance in electrical transmission processes and its practical applications in biology, chemistry, and electrochemistry. More recently, liquid-phase electrical discharge reactors have been investigated, and are being developed, for many environmental applications, including drinking water and wastewater treatment, as well as, potentially, for environmentally benign chemical processes. This paper reviews the current status of research on the application of high-voltage electrical discharges for promoting chemical reactions in the aqueous phase, with particular emphasis on applications to water cleaning.

/pdf/electrohydraulic-discharge-and-nonthermal-plasma-for-water-bcogyk507r.pdf

Electrohydraulic Discharge and Nonthermal Plasma for Water Treatment

In recent decades particular interest in applications of nonequilibrium plasma for the problems of plasma-assisted ignition and plasma-assisted combustion has been observed. A great amount of experimental data has been accumulated during this period which provided the grounds for using low temperature plasma of nonequilibrium gas discharges for a number of applications at conditions of high speed flows and also at conditions similar to automotive engines. The paper is aimed at reviewing the data obtained and discusses their treatment. Basic possibilities of low temperature plasma to ignite gas mixtures are evaluated and historical references highlighting pioneering works in the area are presented. The first part of the review discusses plasmas applied to plasma-assisted ignition and combustion. The paper pays special attention to experimental and theoretical analysis of some plasma parameters, such as reduced electric field, electron density and energy branching for different gas discharges. Streamers, pulsed nanosecond discharges, dielectric barrier discharges, radio frequency discharges and atmospheric pressure glow discharges are considered. The second part depicts applications of discharges to reduce the ignition delay time of combustible mixtures, to ignite transonic and supersonic flows, to intensify ignition and to sustain combustion of lean mixtures. The results obtained by different authors are cited, and ways of numerical modelling are discussed. Finally, the paper draws some conclusions on the main achievements and prospects of future investigations in the field.

/pdf/plasma-assisted-ignition-and-combustion-2i4ybn8440.pdf

Plasma assisted ignition and combustion

The barrier discharge: basic properties and applications to surface treatment

Barrier discharges, also known as dielectric-barrier discharges or silent discharges, provide a simple technology to establish nonequilibrium plasma conditions in atmospheric-pressure gases. This property has led to a number of industrial applications, including ozone generation, surface modification, pollution control, CO/sub 2/ lasers, excimer lamps, and flat plasma-display panels. Depending on a variety of gas properties, operating parameters, and boundary conditions, the discharge can exhibit pronounced filamentary character, self-organized regular-discharge patterns, or completely diffuse appearance. The literature on these different types of barrier discharges is reviewed, and the underlying physical phenomena are discussed. Relative recent investigations on low-current density diffuse barrier discharges suggest novel applications of fairly "mild" plasmas for sterilization and disinfection purposes and utilizing their selective influence on biological cells.

Filamentary, patterned, and diffuse barrier discharges

We report results from a plasma source; a diffuse coplanar surface discharge (DCSD), which is capable of generating macroscopically uniform thin layers of diffuse plasmas in air and other reactive gases at atmospheric pressure. DCSD is a type of dielectric barrier discharge generated on the surface of a dielectric barrier with embedded electrodes, which appears to be advantageous to surface treatment and deposition processes. Preliminary results on hydrophilization of polypropylene nonwoven fabric are also presented.

Atmospheric-pressure diffuse coplanar surface discharge for surface treatments

The dielectric barrier discharge burning at atmospheric pressure usually has a filamentary non-homogeneous form. However, it was found that uniform dielectric barrier discharge can be generated in helium, nitrogen and in the mixture of argon with acetone under specific conditions. Such uniform discharge is called atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD). We studied dielectric barrier discharge burning in neon at atmospheric pressure and we found that the APGD can also be generated in neon. We measured the electrical characteristics of APGD in neon for different voltages and frequencies of power supply and different gas flows. We found that higher gas flow stabilizes the APGD and we determined the area of parameters in which the APGD burns. The images of discharges were recorded by a video camera and emission optical spectra were measured by a spectrometer. The properties of the discharges in neon were compared with the properties of discharges burning in argon and in the mixture of neon with argon.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/34/11/322/pdf

Atmospheric pressure glow discharge in neon

The atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) is a new type of the discharge discovered by OKAZAKI et al. [1] recently. The APGD can be used in practical application (e.g. ozone generation), but the phenomena occurring in the discharge are not fully understood. We studied the APGD driven at 50 Hz, applied voltage up to 5 kV and burning in helium, argon and nitrogen. We used a planar configuration of discharge cell: metal electrode - dielectric plate (1 mm thick) - discharge gap (1.5 mm thick) - dielectric plate - metal electrode. Between the metal electrode and the dielectric plate a fine metal mesh was placed. For each gas we recorded the time dependence of power supply voltage and the time dependence of charge transferred through the discharge. We recorded also the discharges by the CCD camera with a video recorder. The same measurements were done in case of the discharge cells without the metal mesh. The metal mesh changes the discharge significantly. In the case of discharge cell with the mesh we can observe a homogeneous discharge and only one peak in the discharge current per half cycle of applied voltage while in the case of the discharge without mesh we observed individual micro-discharges and many pulses in the current per half cycle. This effect is most obvious in helium.



In order to explain the observed phenomena we calculated the electric field in the discharge cell for APGD and propose a possible explanation of APGD. It has been found that the mesh does not influence the electric field in the discharge gap. Thus we propose that the mesh could influence the discharge by its electrical resistance, which is higher than the resistance of the metallic electrode.

Experimental study of atmospheric pressure glow discharge

Thin layers of atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasma can be generated by pulse surface corona discharges and surface barrier discharges developing on the treated surfaces or brought into a close contact with the treated surfaces. Plasma sources based on these discharge types have the potential of meeting the basic on-line production requirements in the industry and can be useful for a wide range of surface treatments and deposition processes including continuous treatment of textiles. Comparing with atmospheric pressure glow discharge sources, the potential advantages of these plasma sources include their simplicity, robustness, and capability to process in a wide range of working gases. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Generation of Thin Surface Plasma Layers for Atmospheric‐Pressure Surface Treatments

The aim of this work was to deposit Zn-containing films on Si
substrates using the commercial atmospheric pressure plasma jet
“kINPen’09”. In preliminary experiments Zn-containing films
were deposited on the substrates immersed in water solutions of
Zn(NO3)2.6H2O salt. The surface composition of deposited films
was analyzed by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)
technique while the bulk composition was studied by means of
XRD (X-ray diffraction) mesurements. The film thickness was
measured by a profilometer. We have found out, that the
concentration of the zinc nitrate solution as well as changes
in the deposition time result in a large fluctuation of the
deposited film thickness. However, the successful deposition of
the Zn-containing films on the Si substrate was definitely
confirmed

https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/chem.2015.13.issue-1/chem-2015-0020/chem-2015-0020.xml

Deposition of Zn-containing films using atmospheric pressure plasma jet

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