The present article compares the cyclic behaviour of various 9–12%Cr steels, both commercial grades and optimized materials (in terms of creep strength). These materials were subjected to high temperature fatigue and creep-fatigue loadings. TEM examinations of the microstructure after cyclic loadings were also carried out. It appears that all the tempered ferritic–martensitic steels suffer from a cyclic softening effect linked to the coarsening of the subgrains and laths and to the decrease of the dislocation density. These changes of the microstructure lead to a drastic loss in creep strength for all the materials under study. However, due to a better precipitation state, several materials optimized for their creep strength still present a good creep resistance after cyclic softening. These results are discussed and compared to the literature in terms of the physical mechanisms responsible for cyclic and creep deformation at the microstructural scale.

Comparison of various 9–12%Cr steels under fatigue and creep-fatigue loadings at high temperature

Recent progress toward development of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels for fusion structural applications

Early stages of surface relief evolution of persistent slip markings (PSMs), formed in areas where persistent slip bands (PSBs) intersect the free surface, in polycrystalline 316L stainless steel cycled with constant plastic strain amplitude were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD). Focused ion beam (FIB) technique was employed to obtain additional, more detailed information on the shape of PSMs. To reveal true qualitative and quantitative information on the simultaneous growth of intrusions and extrusions within individual PSMs, identical areas both on the specimen surface and on its inverse copy obtained via plastic replica were studied using AFM. Intrusions are preceded by extrusions regardless of orientation of individual grains of the polycrystal. The first intrusions appear largely around 1% of fatigue life at the moment when ‘static’ extrusions are developed. They appear predominantly but not exclusively at the side of extrusions where the emer...

/pdf/extrusions-and-intrusions-in-fatigued-metals-part-2-afm-and-3tkaxff25d.pdf

Extrusions and intrusions in fatigued metals. Part 2. AFM and EBSD study of the early growth of extrusions and intrusions in 316L steel fatigued at room temperature

High temperature fatigue and creep-fatigue behaviors in a Ni-based superalloy: Damage mechanisms and life assessment

Crack growth behavior of 9Cr−1Mo (P91) steel under creep–fatigue conditions

Creep–fatigue–oxidation interactions in a 9Cr–1Mo martensitic steel. Part I: Effect of tensile holding period on fatigue lifetime

Creep-fatigue-oxidation interactions in a 9Cr-1Mo martensitic steel. Part III: Lifetime prediction

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329765/document

Lifetime prediction of 9-12%Cr subjected to creep-fatigue at high temperature

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Creep–fatigue–oxidation interactions in a 9Cr–1Mo martensitic steel. Part I: Effect of tensile holding period on fatigue lifetime

Creep-fatigue-oxidation interactions in a 9Cr-1Mo martensitic steel. Part III: Lifetime prediction

Lifetime prediction of 9-12%Cr subjected to creep-fatigue at high temperature