Long-term assessment at field scale of Floating Treatment Wetlands for improvement of water quality and provision of ecosystem services in a eutrophic urban pond.

A characterization of the drivers, pressures, ecosystem functions and services of Namatala wetland, Uganda.

Environmental dynamics and carbon accumulation rate of a tropical peatland in Central Sumatra, Indonesia

Numerous studies attempt to unravel the role played by Biodiversity in ecosystems and ES reliance on Biodiversity. Achieving this aim is difficult given: the multi-layered Biodiversity-ES relationship; the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of ES; and, the interactions between biotic and abiotic components in ecosystems influencing processes and services. Bayesian networks have recently gained importance in ecological modelling. The integration of empirical data with expert knowledge and the explicit treatment of uncertainties, demonstrate their usefulness. Publications describing network-based Biodiversity-ES models, demonstrate their application is still limited. A watershed's environmental risk management network modelled from a Biodiversity-ES perspective is discussed. It demonstrates an improvement on conventional approaches, expressing risk in terms of the underlying causal relations between environmental risk events, triggers, controls and consequences. The model is developed in AgenaRisk and two other tools, Netica and Hugin. A comparison between them highlights the dependence on the tool of choice. The event-trigger-control-consequence approach is a useful means to model environmental risk.Developing powerful solutions in environmental sciences often requires integrating GIS and BN.Certain difficulties identified when using BNs are caused by the modelling tool.

Improving ecosystem services modelling

Papyrus wetlands (dominated by the giant sedge Cyperus papyrus L.) occur throughout eastern, central and southern Africa and are important for biodiversity, for water quality and quantity regulation and for the livelihoods of millions of people. To draw attention to the importance of papyrus wetlands, a special session entitled “The ecology of livelihoods in papyrus wetlands” was organized at the 9th INTECOL Wetlands Conference in Orlando, Florida in June 2012. Papers from the session, combined with additional contributions, were collected in a special issue of Wetlands Ecology and Management. The current paper reviews ecological and hydrological characteristics of papyrus wetlands, summarizes their ecosystem services and sustainable use, provides an overview of papyrus research to date, and looks at policy development for papyrus wetlands. Based on this review, the paper provides a synthesis of research and policy priorities for papyrus wetlands and introduces the contributions in the special issue. Main conclusions are that (1) there is a need for better estimates of the area covered by papyrus wetlands. Limited evidence suggests that the loss of papyrus wetlands is rapid in some areas; (2) there is a need for a better understanding and modelling of the regulating services of papyrus wetlands to support trade-off analysis and improve economic valuation; (3) research on papyrus wetlands should include assessment of all ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating, habitat, cultural) so that trade-offs can be determined as the basis for sustainable management strategies (‘wise use’); (4) more research on the governance, institutional and socio-economic aspects of papyrus wetlands is needed to assist African governments in dealing with the challenges of conserving wetlands in the face of growing food security needs and climate change. The papers in the special issue address a number of these issues.

/pdf/a-synthesis-of-past-current-and-future-research-for-4ejkotndql.pdf

A synthesis of past, current and future research for protection and management of papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.) wetlands in Africa

Cyperus papyrus, a fast-growing tropical sedge from central, eastern, and southern Africa (Fig. 1) forms extensive wetlands that are important to biodiversity and the livelihoods of millions of people. Cyperus papyrus (from here on ‘‘papyrus’’) can grow as high as 5 m, and it occurs in nearly monoculture stands, creating extensive areas of wetlands in river valleys and near lake edges in eastern, central and southern Africa. In this project update, we review the ecological characteristics and livelihood services of papyrus wetlands in East Africa and describe the interdisciplinary research project ‘‘The Ecology of Livelihoods in East African Wetlands’’ (ECOLIVE) that investigates the functioning of these wetlands. The ultimate goal of the ECOLIVE project is to examine how ecology and hydrology interact with livelihood activities in order to understand how sustainability of ecosystem services can be achieved. Generally, papyrus wetlands occur in river valleys and on lake edges between latitudes 17 N and 29 S and between sea level and an altitude of about 2,000 m (Jones and Muthuri 1985). Papyrus does not occur in West Africa, probably because of the stronger hydrological seasonality of the rivers there (Thompson 1976, 1985). The total surface area covered by papyrus wetlands is not known and also varies seasonally. Extensive papyrus wetlands are found e.g. in the Sudd wetlands in Sudan, Lake Chad, around Lake Victoria, at Lake Naivasha in Kenya, Lake Kioga and many other wetlands in Uganda, in the Akagera river floodplain in Rwanda and the Malagarasi-Muyovosi wetlands in Tanzania, along the major rivers in Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe, in the Okavango delta in Botswana, and the Zambezi delta in Mozambique. The importance of papyrus is not only a result of its vast areal coverage. Papyrus wetlands also provide vital ecosystem functions and services for millions of people and form a habitat for unique forms of biodiversity such as the Sitatunga or marshbuck (Tragelaphus spekei) and several bird species that are endemic to A. van Dam (&) UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands e-mail: a.vandam@unesco-ihe.org

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11157-011-9255-6.pdf

The ecology of livelihoods in East African papyrus wetlands (ECOLIVE)

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The ecology of livelihoods in East African papyrus wetlands (ECOLIVE)