Between 1942 and 1952, some of Canada’s leading nutrition experts, in cooperation with various federal departments, conducted an unprecedented series of nutritional studies of Aboriginal communities and residential schools. The most ambitious and perhaps best known of these was the 1947-1948 James Bay Survey of the Attawapiskat and Rupert’s House Cree First Nations. Less well known were two separate long-term studies that went so far as to include controlled experiments conducted, apparently without the subjects’ informed consent or knowledge, on malnourished Aboriginal populations in Northern Manitoba and, later, in six Indian residential schools. This article explores these studies and experiments, in part to provide a narrative record of a largely unexamined episode of exploitation and neglect by the Canadian government. At the same time, it situates these studies within the context of broader federal policies governing the lives of Aboriginal peoples, a shifting Canadian consensus concerning the science of nutrition, and changing attitudes towards the ethics of biomedical experimentation on human beings during a period that encompassed, among other things, the establishment of the Nuremberg Code of experimental research ethics.  Entre 1942 et 1952, certains des principaux specialistes canadiens de la nutrition ont realise, en collaboration avec divers ministeres federaux, une serie sans precedent d’etudes nutritionnelles dans les communautes autochtones et les pensionnats indiens. La plus ambitieuse et peut-etre la plus connue d’entre elles est l’enquete realisee en 1947-1948 aupres des nations cries d’Attawapiskat et de Rupert House de la baie James. Mais ce qu’on savait moins, c’est que deux etudes a long terme distinctes etaient meme allees jusqu’a faire des experiences controlees, apparemment sans leur consentement eclaire ou a leur insu, sur les populations souffrant de malnutrition du Nord du Manitoba et, plus tard, de six pensionnats indiens. L’article examine ces etudes et ces experiences pour, en partie, faire le compte rendu d’un episode largement inexplore d’exploitation et de negligence par le gouvernement canadien. Il situe egalement ces etudes dans le cadre des politiques plus larges du gouvernement federal gouvernant la vie des peuples autochtones, de l’evolution du consensus canadien sur la science de la nutrition ainsi que du changement d’attitude face a l’ethique de l’experimentation biomedicale chez l’etre humain durant une periode qui aura ete temoin, entre autres choses, de l’etablissement du Code de Nuremberg, qui precise les regles d’ethique a respecter pour faire de la recherche experimentale sur l’etre humain.

/pdf/administering-colonial-science-nutrition-research-and-human-35odzd27ou.pdf

Administering Colonial Science: Nutrition Research and Human Biomedical Experimentation in Aboriginal Communities and Residential Schools, 1942-1952

https://auislandora-stage.wrlc.org/islandora/object/auislandora%3A85594/datastream/PDF/view

Food politics and development

ii Acknowledgements iii Chapter 1: Why, What and Who? 1 1.1 Scholarly Grounding: The Why of the Research Project 1 1.1.1 Lay of the Land in the Study of Islam in France and Canada 2 1.1.2 Religious Studies Research Philosophy 10 1.1.2.1 Lived Religion and the Dissolution of Dichotomies 11 1.1.2.2 Making Homes and Crossing Boundaries: Food in Tweed’s Theory of Religion 14 1.1.3 About the Author 17 1.1.4 Scholarly Grounding: Summary 19 1.2 Context/Methodology/Method: The What and How of the Research Project 21 1.2.1 Grounded Theory Methods 23 1.2.2 Spradley’s The Ethnographic Interview 25 1.2.3 Methods Applied 26 1.2.4 Important Terminology 29 1.3 Subjectivity: The Researcher’s Ethnographic Self 33 1.3.1 Ethnographic self as resource 34 1.3.2 Reflexivity/My Ethnographic Self 36 1.4 Summary of the Dissertation 49 PART 1: Everyday Islam in the City of Lights 56 Chapter 2: Colonialism, Immigration, Secularism and Nationalism: The Four Influential Factors of the Parisian Context of Reception 57 2.

/pdf/immigration-integration-and-ingestion-the-role-of-food-and-16ssuow2cm.pdf

Immigration, Integration and Ingestion: The Role of Food and Drink in Transnational Experience for North African Muslim Immigrants in Paris and Montréal

This article explores the work of the Women’s Committee and Junior Women’s Committee at the Art Gallery of Toronto (AGT) in the 1960s to increase the visibility of the institution through the use o...

A Museum’s Culinary Life: Women’s Committees and Food at the Art Gallery of Toronto

This article looks at settler colonialism and the manufacturing of food insecurity in Indigenous communities located in present-day northern Canada after 1945. The federal government undermined the foodways of Indigenous peoples and sought to make them reliant on a southern market based food economy through the criminalization of Indigenous hunting and harvesting practices and the imposition of government programs like Family Allowance, Foodmail, and Nutrition North Canada. Examining how these events and policies worked together shows how food serves as a regulatory project of assimilation and governance whereby Indigenous peoples are seemingly ‘encouraged’ to adopt European-Canadian foodways.

Settler Colonialism, Indigenous Peoples and Food: Federal Indian policies and nutrition programs in the Canadian North since 1945

Table of Contents Preface Introduction I Cultural Exchanges and Cuisines in the Contact Zone 1. 'Fit for the table of the most fastidious epicure': Culinary Colonialism in the Upper Canadian Contact Zone 2. 'The snipe were good and the wine not bad': Enabling Public Life for Privileged Men 3. The Role of Food in Canadian Expressions of Christianity II Regional Food Identities and Traditions 4. Pine-clad hills and spindrift swirl: The Character, Persistence, and Significance of Rural Newfoundland Foodways 5. Stocking the Root Cellar: Foodscapes in the Peace River Region 6. Rational Meals for the Traditional Family: Nutrition in Quebec School Manuals, 1900-1960 III Foodways and Memories in Ethnic and Racial Communities 7. 'We Didn't Have A Lot of Money, But We Had Food': Ukrainians and Their Depression-Era Food Memories 8. Feeding the Dead: The Ukrainian Food Colossi of the Canadian Prairies 9. Toronto's Multicultured Tongues: Stories of South Asian Cuisines IV Gendering Food in Cookbooks and Family Spaces 10. More than 'just' Recipes: Mennonite Cookbooks in Mid-twentieth Century North America 11. Gefilte Fish and Roast Duck with Orange Slices: A Treasure for my Daughter and the Creation of a Jewish Cultural Orthodoxy in Postwar Montreal 12. 'Tutti a Tavola!' Feeding the Family in Two Generations of Italian Immigrant Households in Montreal V Single Food Commodities, Markets, and Cultural Debates 13. John Bull and Sons: The Empire Marketing Board and the Creation of a British Imperial Food System 14. Spreading Controversy: The Story of Margarine in Quebec VI Protests, Mindful Eating, and the Politics of Food 15. The Politics of Milk: Canadian Housewives Organize in the 1930s 16. 'Less Inefficiency, More Milk': The Politics of Food and the Culture of the English-Canadian University, 1900-1950 17. The Granola High: Eating Differently in the 1960s and 1970s 18. 'Meat Stinks/Eat Beef Dyke!': Coming out as a Vegetarian in the Prairies VII National Identities and Cultural Spectacles 19. Nationalism on the Menu: Three Banquets on the 1939 Royal Tour 20. Food Acts and Cultural Politics: Women and the Gendered Dialectics of Culinary Pluralism at the International Institute of Toronto, 1950s-1960s VIII Marketing and Imposing Nutritional Standards 21. Vim, Vigour and Vitality: 'Power' Foods for Kids in Canadian Popular Magazines, 1914-1954 22. Making and Breaking Canada's Food Rules: Science, the State, and the Government of Nutrition, 1942-1949 23. 'A National Priority': Nutrition Canada's Survey and the Disciplining of Aboriginal Bodies, 1964-75

https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/qua/article/download/21071/17233

Edible Histories, Cultural Politics: Towards a Canadian Food History

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Edible Histories, Cultural Politics: Towards a Canadian Food History