The small (40S) subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes is believed to bind initially at the capped 5'-end of messenger RNA and then migrate, stopping at the first AUG codon in a favorable context for initiating translation. The first-AUG rule is not absolute, but there are rules for breaking the rule. Some anomalous observations that seemed to contradict the scanning mechanism now appear to be artifacts. A few genuine anomalies remain unexplained.

/pdf/the-scanning-model-for-translation-an-update-52r2in8l71.pdf

The scanning model for translation: an update.

https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/0092-8674(92)90029-C.pdf

RAG-2-deficient mice lack mature lymphocytes owing to inability to initiate V(D)J rearrangement

https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(00)80453-5.pdf

Identification of Clonogenic Common Lymphoid Progenitors in Mouse Bone Marrow

Dendritic cells: unique leukocyte populations which control the primary immune response.

Interleukin 7 (IL-7) stimulates the proliferation of B cell progenitors, thymocytes, and mature T cells through an interaction with a high affinity receptor (IL-7R) belonging to the hematopoietin receptor superfamily. We have further addressed the role of IL-7 and its receptor during B and T cell development by generating mice genetically deficient in IL-7R. Mutant mice display a profound reduction in thymic and peripheral lymphoid cellularity. Analyses of lymphoid progenitor populations in IL-7R-deficient mice define precisely those developmental stages affected by the mutation and reveal a critical role for IL-7R during early lymphoid development. Significantly, these studies indicate that the phase of thymocyte expansion occurring before the onset of T cell receptor gene rearrangement is critically dependent upon, and mediated by the high affinity receptor for IL-7.

https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/180/5/1955/1105935/1955.pdf

Early lymphocyte expansion is severely impaired in interleukin 7 receptor-deficient mice.

The events involved in the commitment and development of lymphoid lineage cells are poorly understood. We have used a recently described long-term culture system1 to establish a bioassay that can detect a novel growth factor capable of stimulating the proliferation of lymphoid progenitors2. Using direct expression in mammalian cells we have isolated a complementary DNA clone encoding this novel haematopoietic growth factor, designated interleukin-7.

Stimulation of B-cell progenitors by cloned murine interleukin-7.

A cDNA encoding biologically active human interleukin 7 was isolated by hybridization with the homologous murine clone Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that this cDNA was capable of encoding a protein of 177 amino acids with a signal sequence of 25 amino acids and a calculated mass of 174 kDa for the mature protein Recombinant human interleukin 7 stimulated the proliferation of murine pre-B cells and was active on cells harvested from human bone marrow that are enriched for B-lineage progenitor cells Analysis of RNA by blot hybridization demonstrated the presence of two size classes of interleukin 7 mRNA in human splenic and thymic tissue

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/86/1/302.full.pdf

Human interleukin 7: molecular cloning and growth factor activity on human and murine B-lineage cells.

Characterization on an IL-7-dependent Cell Line

Purification and Characterization of a Growth Factor Active on

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Stimulation of B-cell progenitors by cloned murine interleukin-7.

Human interleukin 7: molecular cloning and growth factor activity on human and murine B-lineage cells.

Characterization on an IL-7-dependent Cell Line

Purification and Characterization of a Growth Factor Active on