Achyranthes aspera L. is a well known herb commonly used in traditional system of Indian medicine to treat various disorders, such as cough, dysentery, gonorrhea, piles, kidney stone, pneumonia, renal dropsy, skin eruptions, snake bite, etc. Here, we used RP-UFLC-DAD method for determining triterpenoids betulinic acid (BA), oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) from A. aspera. Optimum yield of these compounds were studied and evaluated using parameters viz., method of extraction, time of extraction, age of plant and plant parts (leaves, stem and roots). Linear relationships in RP-UFLC-DAD analysis were obtained in the range 0.05-100 µg/mL with 0.035, 0.042 and 0.033 µg/mL LOD for BA, OA and UA, respectively. Of the variables tested, extraction method and parts used significantly affected content yield. Continuous shaking extraction (CSE) at ambient temperature gave better extraction efficiency than exposure to ultra sonic extraction (USE) or microwave assisted extraction (MAE) methods. The highest content of BA, OA and UA were determined individually in leaf, stem and root extracts with CSE. Collective yield of these triterpenoids were higher in leaf part exposed to 15 min USE method. To best of our knowledge, the study newly reports UA from A. aspera and the same was confirmed using ATR-FT-IR studies. This study explains the distribution pattern of these major triterpenoids and optimum extraction parameters in detail.

/pdf/determination-of-betulinic-acid-oleanolic-acid-and-ursolic-4f1quriih7.pdf

Determination of betulinic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from Achyranthes aspera L. using RP-UFLC-DAD analysis and evaluation of various parameters for their optimum yield.

In the present study, comparative protein profile of granulation tissues of burn, diabetic and immunocompromised wounds treated with 50% (w/w) ointment of methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera was undertaken Granulation tissue of A aspera treated group showed expression of a protein with molecular weight 694 kD in burn wound and proteins ranging from high, medium and low molecular weight (610, 550 and 315kD) in diabetic and immunocompromised wounds A aspera treatment induced expression of a particular protein of molecular weight 315 kD in both diabetic and immunocompromised wound models, signifying that this particular protein might play a key role in A aspera mediated wound healing in these two models © 2011 IGJPS All rights reserved

Impact of Achyranthes aspera L. on Protein Profile in Impaired Wound Models

Summary Achyranthes aspera Linn is an annual biennial plant known as Prickly chaff flower. The present study is designed to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of the plant by using modified forced swimming test (MFST). The methanolic extract of A. aspera (MEAA) is used to investigate the putative psychotherapeutic effects of this plant as antidepressant. The animals were randomly allocated into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as vehicle control, group II, III, IV received A. aspera p.o. at the dose rate of 100, 300 and 600 mg/ kg body wt. and group V received the standard drug Desipramine hydrochloride @ 30 mg/kg or Citalopram @ 15 mg/kg body wt. i.p. as standard drug. Following administration, the immobility time in MFST in rats were decreased significantly (P<0.01) in A. aspera treated group as compared to the control group. There was significant (P<0.01) increase in the climbing behavior in the treated groups as well as in the DMI treated group compared to the control group in a dose dependant manner without much effect on the swimming component. The study revealed antidepressant-like activity of A. aspera. The pattern of effects observed in the MFST suggests the involvement of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter system. However, further studies are needed to understand the precise mechanism of its action.

/pdf/effect-of-achyranthes-aspera-linn-on-modified-forced-4rj67aku47.pdf

Effect of achyranthes aspera linn on modified forced swimming in rats

Achyranthes aspera L. belongs to the family Amarantheceae. It is an erect, annual herb, distributed in the hilly districts of India [1]. The plant is used in the indigenous system of medicine as antibacterial [2], antiviral [3], anticancer [4], antioxidant [5], antiinflammatory and antiarthritic [6], antifertility [7], antiplasmodic [8], and antitumor agents [9, 10]. It is also used in the treatment of dropsy, rheumatism, stomach problems, cholera, skin diseases, and rabies [11, 12]. The juice extracted from the root of this plant, mixed along with the root extracts of Urena lobata and the bark of Psidium guajava, are used in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery [13]. Extensive literature surveys on this particular plant material have shown that only few phytoconstituents were isolated and identified in this plant material [14]. With this view in mind, the present attempt has been made to isolate the different phytoconstituents present in the root part of the plant material of Achyranthes aspera L. The analytical data confirm the structure of the isolated compounds, and the experimental studies also prove that the phytocompounds show potent anticancer activity against HT-29 cancer cell line. The petroleum ether extract of the plant material of Achyranthes aspera was separated and purified using preparative HPLC. The structure of the isolated compounds was characterized by FTIR, 1D and 2D NMR, and mass spectral analysis. The isolated compounds were identified as ursolic acid (1), corrosolic acid (2), and achyrantheric acid (3). Compound 1 (3 -hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) gave a positive test with Liebermann Burchard reagent and ceric sulfate. The HR-EI-MS of 1 revealed a peak [M]+ at m/z 456.5721 consistent with the same molecular formula C30H48O3 (m/z 456.36 [M]+) of ursolic acid. The assignments of the NMR data of 1 were confirmed using a combination of DEPT, COSY, HMBC, and NOESY experiments and comparison with data of the known ursolic acid [15]. Similarly, compound 2 has the same structure compared to compound 1, the only differences being the presence of the -hydroxyl group, which was confirmed by the proton NMR spectrum of the compound. Based on the 1D and 2D NMR spectrum, the structure of the second compound suggested that the skeleton was corrosolic acid (2). Compound 3 (achyrantheric acid) was isolated as a colorless solid, and the molecular formula was determined by EI-MS to be C15H22O2 with a molecular ion [M]+ at m/z 233. The 1H NMR spectrum confirmed the presence of one carboxylic acid containing the OH group at 12.43 (1H, s, COOH). The presence of a C-3 proton was confirmed by the signal at 5.41. The remaining methyl, methylene, and methine proton signals were merged together in the region of 2.61–0.87. The 13C NMR spectra suggested the presence of a carboxylic acid ( 168.54) and double bonds ( 123.94 and 120.61). The remaining methyl, methylene, and methine proton signals were merged together in the region of 42.16–20.08. The structure of the achyrantheric acid was confirmed based on the NMR spectral data. The anticancer activity of the isolated phytocompounds was determined by the MTT assay method [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] 16, 17 . The results of evaluation of the anticancer activity of the three isolated phytocompounds 1–3 against the proliferation of colon cancer cell line (HT-29) in in vitro studies are shown in Table 1. The results indicated that all the three isolated phytocompounds showed potent anticancer activity as compared to the standard drug 5-flurouracil.

Phytoconstituents from the Roots of Achyranthes aspera and Their Anticancer Activity

Summary Different solvent extracts of leaves of Achyranthes aspera , Aegle marmelos , Cleistanthus collinus , Curcuma aromatica and Strychnos nux-vomica were screened against dermatophytes viz. , Trichophyton mentagrophytes , T. rubrum , Microsporum gypseum , M. canis and Epidermophyton floccossum var. nigricans . The mean zones of inhibition were between 7.1 and 26.5 mm. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were from 7.81 to 500 and from 15.62 to 1000 μg/mL respectively. The highest mean zone of inhibition (26.5 mm), the lowest MIC value (7.81 μg/ml) and the lowest MFC (15.62 μg/ml) were observed in ethyl acetate extract of A. aspera against T. rubrum . The standard antifungal drug ketoconazole (10 μg/disc) was used as the positive control and mean zones of inhibition were from 23 to 29 mm. Further separation of active principle from ethyl acetate extract of A. aspera is under progress.

Screening of selected medicinal plants for in vitro antidermatophytic activity

3-Acetoxy-6-benzoyloxyapangamide (1) has been isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the stem of Achyranthes aspera . The structure of the isolated compound was established by modern spectroscopic techniques. The extract was found to show mild antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus .

 Key words: Achyranthes aspera , 3-acetoxy-6-benzoyloxyapangamide, Antibacterial activity.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

3-Acetoxy-6-benzoyloxyapangamide from Achyranthes aspera

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3-Acetoxy-6-benzoyloxyapangamide from Achyranthes aspera