Increasing interest in using peripheral nerve blocks in small animals is evident, given the numerous studies published recently on this topic in important veterinary journals. Initially, research was focused on intraoperative analgesia to the pelvic limb, and several descriptions of lumbosacral plexus, femoral and sciatic nerve blocks have been described in studies. There is recent interest in developing techniques for somatosensory blockade of the abdominal wall. This article is the second part of a two-part review of regional anesthesia (RA) in small animals, and its aim is to discuss the most relevant studies in the veterinary literature, where objective methods of nerve location have been used, and to illustrate in pictures the currently used techniques for providing RA to the abdominal wall and the pelvic limb in small animals.

Regional anesthetic techniques for the pelvic limb and abdominal wall in small animals: A review of the literature and technique description.

Chapter 19 Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block Marta Romano, Marta RomanoSearch for more papers by this author Marta Romano, Marta RomanoSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Matt Read, Matt Read Anesthesiologist and Specialty Team Leader MedVet, Worthington, OH, USASearch for more papers by this authorLuis Campoy, Luis Campoy Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Section Chief of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USASearch for more papers by this authorBerit Fischer, Berit Fischer Head of Anesthesia and Pain Management Eastern Pennsylvania Veterinary Medical Center, Allentown, PA, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 09 February 2024 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119514183.ch19 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Summary This chapter discusses "Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks," regional anesthetic techniques that may be used to provide analgesia for procedures involving the abdominal wall, including mastectomy, celiotomy, and abdominal wall wound repair. Peer-reviewed literature is considered and indications, contraindications, required equipment, drugs and doses, relevant anatomic landmarks, ultrasound transducer positioning, methods for image optimization, and needle approaches are reviewed, as well as any potential side effects and complications and what to look for during local anesthetic administration. Considerations for professional colleagues and clients are also highlighted. REFERENCES Bharti N , Kumar P , Bala I et al. ( 2011 ) The efficacy of a novel approach to transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia after colorectal surgery . Anesth Analg 112 , 1504 – 1508 . 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182159bf8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Børglum J , Maschmann C , Belhage B et al. ( 2011 ) Ultrasound-guided bilateral dual transversus abdominis plane block: a new four-point approach . 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J Small Anim Pract 58 , 269 – 275 . 10.1111/jsap.12639 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Small Animal Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia, Second Edition ReferencesRelatedInformation 

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Perioperative analgesic effects of an ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block with a mixture of bupivacaine and lidocaine in cats undergoing ovariectomy.