The promotion of space sharing in order to raise the quality of community living and safety of street surroundings is increasingly accepted feature of modern urban design. In this context, the development of a shared space simulation tool is essential in helping determine whether particular shared space schemes are suitable alternatives to traditional street layouts. A simulation tool that enables urban designers to visualise pedestrians and cars trajectories, extract flow and density relation in a new shared space design, achieve solutions for optimal design features before implementation, and help getting the design closer to the system optimal. This paper presents a three-layered microscopic mathematical model which is capable of representing the behaviour of pedestrians and vehicles in shared space layouts and it is implemented in a traffic simulation tool. The top layer calculates route maps based on static obstacles in the environment. It plans the shortest path towards agents’ respective destinations by generating one or more intermediate targets. In the second layer, the Social Force Model (SFM) is modified and extended for mixed traffic to produce feasible trajectories. Since car movements are not as flexible as pedestrian movements, velocity angle constraints are included for cars. The conflicts described in the third layer are resolved by rule-based constraints for shared space users. An optimisation algorithm is applied to determine the interaction parameters of the force-based model for shared space users using empirical data. This new three-layer microscopic model can be used to simulate shared space environments and assess, for example, new street designs.

/pdf/modelling-shared-space-users-via-rule-based-social-force-12zv3pz7q9.pdf

Modelling shared space users via rule-based social force model

A Review of the Evolution of Shared (Street) Space Concepts in Urban Environments

This report presents the findings from an extensive literature review aiming to help professionals and researchers in the State of Victoria understand barriers to walking and cycling as well as infrastructure and policy supports for non-motorized transportation The research team located almost 500 articles, papers, and reports assessing walking and cycling infrastructure, policies, programs, and models We reviewed over 300 of them—those judged to be most relevant to the questions raised by the Walking and Cycling Branch of the Department of Infrastructure and rigorous in terms of their analysis and ability to draw robust conclusions

Walking and Cycling International Literature Review : Final Report

Many urban environments are being redesigned around a relatively new approach to street design termed shared space. Shared space is a traffic engineering concept that eliminates physical barriers separating motor vehicles, pedestrians, and other road users to encourage a sharing of street space. Such sharing is seen as a means to calm traffic and to create convivial urban spaces. The evidence shows that local authorities in the UK and overseas are enthusiastic about shared space for its potential to enhance the urban realm. Vulnerable street users, such as vision-impaired people, do not share this enthusiasm. They perceive shared space as likely to bring them into increasing contact with motor vehicles, and as compromising their safety and well-being. Shared spaces are, potentially, what I refer to as auto-disabling environments. Referring to data from the UK, I develop the proposition that shared space can be characterised as ‘disembodied urban design’ that fails to capture the complexity of corporeal form and the manifold interactions of bodies-in-space. The disembodied understanding of the interactions between bodies, space, and movement, propagated by shared space design, (re)produces both existential insecurity and ontological uncertainty amongst certain categories of users, such as vision-impaired people. Shared space can be understood as a manifestation of disabling design in the built environment, and as a reaffirmation of disabled people’s relative invisibility in relation to the crafting of designed spaces.
Keywords: disability, embodiment, mobilities, social exclusion, urban design

Auto-disabilities: the case of shared space environments

This report sets out the arguments and evidence for investing in the walking environment. Walking, either as a form of transport, or for pleasure has many benefits: it is good for the environment, for health and social sustainability, and for economic conditions. Yet many of our environments are not conducive to walking. City and town centres are often poorly designed for pedestrians and dominated by traffic, and local neighbourhoods are often planned for car use, above other modes of travel. Investments in the walking environment can take a number of forms. These investments can lead directly to higher walking levels and pedestrian numbers, and can also create better places for the users of the urban environment. Both increases in walking and area improvements have a wide range of benefits for 'people' and 'place'. These relationships are complex and sometimes difficult to measure precisely. However, there is now sufficient evidence from numerous sources to build a picture of the benefits of investment in the walking environment, and this evidence is presented in the report. It is also important to know if investing in walking environments provides 'value for money'. To address this, the report summarises cost-benefit analyses of different types of investment in the walking environment. The report also presents several evaluated case studies of completed walking environment schemes from the UK and internationally.

https://www.livingstreets.org.uk/media/1394/2011-making-the-case-full-report.pdf

Making the case for investment in the walking environment: A review of the evidence

This paper reports the results of research into two recently completed retro-fit home zones. The findings illustrate how different factors, which include design quality, community consultation, funding and street typology, may impact upon the potential of home zones to meet their objective of improving liveability. Experiences of working with two Sheffield residential communities in the re-design of their street are also reported. The Sheffield case studies illustrate the potential of alternative design solutions which do not require the construction of a shared surface and which may, in certain circumstances, be more appropriate to the design context and in addressing community needs.

Improving Residential Liveability in the UK: Home Zones and Alternative Approaches

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Improving Residential Liveability in the UK: Home Zones and Alternative Approaches