Mainstream development actors are increasingly recognising the value of investment in girls and young women yet limited inroads have been made into achieving meaningful change, particularly in areas such as early marriage and pregnancy, maternal mortality, and gender-based violence. It is critical therefore that broader poverty reduction and development frameworks do not simply ‘add girls and stir’ to existing approaches but rather integrate a more nuanced understanding of gender discriminatory social institutions and related change pathways.

Gender justice for adolescent girls: tackling social institutions Towards a conceptual framework

Natural resources play key roles as assets in the livelihoods of rural communities. However, the benefits of these assets in livelihoods are frequently conceived narrowly as income generating or vulnerability reducing. We contend that they have other important roles to play in poverty reduction and livelihood change. In this paper we use a case study of two ethnic communities in a village in southern India to investigate livelihood responses to change in forest biodiversity through an examination of changes in attributes of natural assets resulting from the invasion of Lantana camara and wider socio-economic change. The invasion of forest by Lantana has contributed to changes in the attributes and functions of four key natural assets: forest grazing, bamboo for basketry, Phoenix loureie for brooms, and wild yams. We observe that differences in households’ and individuals’ ability to substitute important functions of lost or declining assets affect their ability to adapt to changes in resource availability and attributes. Analysing changes in asset attributes for different user groups allows the social effects of environmental change to be disaggregated.

/pdf/livelihood-responses-to-lantana-camara-invasion-and-4t761c6v4n.pdf

Livelihood responses to Lantana camara invasion and biodiversity change in southern India: application of an asset function framework

Family Histories and Rural Inheritance in Kenya

O presente artigo mensura os componentes permanente e transitorio da pobreza nos estados brasileiros. Para tanto, foi utilizado como suporte teorico o modelo proposto por Jalan & Ravallion (1998) para os componentes da pobreza. A estrategia empirica adotada seguiu o metodo de Decomposicao em Modo Empirico (EMD) proposto por Huang et al. (1998). Os resultados da decomposicao mostram que os individuos que experimentam a pobreza de maneira transitoria sao uma pequena parcela do total, sendo a pobreza cronica proporcionalmente maior em todos os estados brasileiros. Tal resultado pode nortear com maior eficacia politicas para a reducao da pobreza.

Analisando a condição de pobreza: uma aplicação da decomposição em modo empírico

Abstract The majority of the world’s ultra-poor live in conflict-affected environments. Poverty reduction efforts are increasingly attempting to target the most vulnerable inhabitants of these settings. Few studies have so far examined their impacts. Against the backdrop of one of the largest humanitarian crises in recent years, survey data from the Central African Republic demonstrates that a year after the conclusion of a large social safety net program, the poorest female participants did not benefit proportionately to other women and men. We draw on 257 in-depth qualitative interviews in extremely difficult-to-access conflict-affected sites across the country to explore the puzzle of why the most vulnerable inhabitants of conflict-affected settings may fail to benefit equally from poverty reduction programs. We demonstrate that conditions of social isolation—rather than poverty itself—create two specific barriers to long-term benefits. First, social isolation means that the poorest women recipients lack the social support networks that permit others to respond to conflict-related shocks without draining all their new income on emergency spending. Second, small social networks create a shortage of labor and higher start-up costs for new revenue-generating activities, thereby preventing spending on investment opportunities. These factors highlight the social barriers to poverty reduction, which are often intensified by shocks born from war, that material aid alone fails to redress. 

Resilience, Vulnerability, and Social Isolation: Barriers to Poverty Reduction in War

The CPRC adopts a dynamic approach to the study of poverty. This calls for a focus on changes in key welfare outcomes. Within such a framework, the role of assets is the key. The assets, which individuals own or have, access to matter in at least two respects. Firstly, assets can play an important role in reducing vulnerability, which is a key dimension of both chronic and transient poverty. There is a lot of evidence to show that assets help provide insurance against shocks, reducing insecurity and frequently reducing risk-averse behaviour, and reliance on more destructive coping strategies. Secondly, assets play an important role in influencing what households are able to achieve, in terms of income and many other outcomes. Those with more assets are often better able to improve their income levels and so to participate in economic growth (e.g. by having better access to credit).

Assets and Chronic Poverty

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Assets and Chronic Poverty