The new US security strategy released by the White House in September 2002, is a remarkable document which requires more analysis than that received in the main media, perhaps partially because of the massive attention given to the Beltway sniper(s). The new strategy would justify pre-emptive strikes for the first time against any countries which the current or future US leadership believe might pose a threat in the future such as China or resurgent Russia or any other country or a group of countries. This bold assertion is justified by the threat of even more miniature weapons of mass destruction coupled with the hatred of America. This important document and the accompanying commentary provide essential and thought provoking reading.

The national security strategy of the United States of America

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Africa And The International System The Politics Of State Survival

Why do ethnic groups rebel? New data and analysis

This book explores the political dilemmas around security governance in war-torn countries. Security assistance has become the largest component of international peacebuilding and stabilization efforts, and a primary tool for responding to civil war and insurgency. Donors and peacekeepers not only train and equip military and police forces, they also seek to overhaul their structure, management, and oversight. As international actors have attempted to strengthen oversight and curb abuse, however, they have run into thorny political obstacles. Varied outcomes have raised questions about the value of international assistance for strengthening state institutions. This book confronts these questions by delving into the political dimensions of security governance. Shifting from the perspective of outside actors to those of leaders and officials in war-torn countries, it highlights the political challenges that arise as they seek to consolidate authority. The book shows that the extent to which state policymakers adopt changes to the management and oversight of security forces depends on internal political dynamics, specifically the degree to which leaders need to consolidate power. The political strategies leaders pursue, in turn, affect opportunities for external actors to influence institutional changes through means such as conditions on aid, norm diffusion, or day-to-day participation in decision-making. Drawing on an original dataset of security governance and field research in Liberia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Timor-Leste, as well as mini-case studies of Iraq, Afghanistan, South Sudan, and Somalia, this book explains the success and failure of international security assistance and sheds light on the politics of peacebuilding. It explains why more aid does not always improve outcomes, and when political interests enable institutional change—sometimes in unintended ways. Going beyond “context matters,” it provides practical recommendations for navigating the political challenges of institutional change in conflict-affected countries.

Governing Security After War

Abstract:The recent spate of coups and coup attempts—six successful and three failed attempts in the span of twelve months—is not an indication that coup activity will return to the high levels seen during the Cold War. There is no evidence of a contagious wave; what we are seeing is simply the coincidence of already coup-prone countries (mainly in Africa) having coup attempts in the same period. These attempts were also not driven by increased insurgent activity or by western training of these militaries. However, this flurry of coup activity has revealed that post–Cold War norms against coups have eroded and will likely continue to get weaker, making a return to post-Cold war levels of coup activity unlikely.

The Myth of the Coup Contagion

The United States has sought to combat security threats in Africa principally by supporting partner governments, and security sector assistance (SSA) has been one of the primary tools it has used. A RAND Corporation study used statistical models to evaluate the impact that U.S.-provided SSA has had on political violence in Africa — in particular, the incidence of civil wars and insurgencies, terrorist attacks, and state repression.

/pdf/building-security-in-africa-an-evaluation-of-u-s-security-3nl6shutsn.pdf

Building Security in Africa: An Evaluation of U.S. Security Sector Assistance in Africa from the Cold War to the Present

U.S. security-sector assistance has a mixed record in Africa. RAND experts offer recommendations to promote the success of such assistance in Africa. The recommendations focus on strategies, programs, and their assessment, monitoring, and evaluation.

/pdf/reforming-security-sector-assistance-for-africa-4ugynp4it5.pdf

Reforming Security Sector Assistance for Africa

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Building Security in Africa: An Evaluation of U.S. Security Sector Assistance in Africa from the Cold War to the Present

Reforming Security Sector Assistance for Africa