Today's business enterprises must deal with global competition, reduce the cost of doing business, and rapidly develop new services and products. To address these requirements enterprises must constantly reconsider and optimize the way they do business and change their information systems and applications to support evolving business processes. Workflow technology facilitates these by providing methodologies and software to support (i) business process modeling to capture business processes as workflow specifications, (ii) business process reengineering to optimize specified processes, and (iii) workflow automation to generate workflow implementations from workflow specifications. This paper provides a high-level overview of the current workflow management methodologies and software products. In addition, we discuss the infrastructure technologies that can address the limitations of current commercial workflow technology and extend the scope and mission of workflow management systems to support increased workflow automation in complex real-world environments involving heterogeneous, autonomous, and distributed information systems. In particular, we discuss how distributed object management and customized transaction management can support further advances in the commercial state of the art in this area.

http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/library/download/GHS95.pdf

An overview of workflow management: from process modeling to workflow automation infrastructure

DB2TM, IMS, and TandemTM systems. ARIES is applicable not only to database management systems but also to persistent object-oriented languages, recoverable file systems and transaction-based operating systems. ARIES has been implemented, to varying degrees, in IBM's OS/2TM Extended Edition Database Manager, DB2, Workstation Data Save Facility/VM, Starburst and QuickSilver, and in the University of Wisconsin's EXODUS and Gamma database machine.

/pdf/aries-a-transaction-recovery-method-supporting-fine-27kfd8jref.pdf

ARIES: a transaction recovery method supporting fine-granularity locking and partial rollbacks using write-ahead logging

Fault tolerance is a key requirement in process support systems (PSS), a class of distributed computing middleware encompassing applications such as workflow management systems and process centered software engineering environments. A PSS controls the flow of work between programs and users in networked environments based on a "metaprogram" (the process). The resulting applications are characterized by a high degree of distribution and a high degree of heterogeneity (properties that make fault tolerance both highly desirable and difficult to achieve). We present a solution for implementing more reliable processes by using exception handling, as it is used in programming languages, and atomicity, as it is known from the transaction concept in database management systems. We describe the mechanism incorporating both transactions and exceptions and present a validation technique allowing to assess the correctness of process specifications.

/pdf/exception-handling-in-workflow-management-systems-50xm2f4smf.pdf

Exception handling in workflow management systems

This paper gives a detailed overview of the approach to cross-organizational workflow management developed in the CrossFlow project. CrossFlow is a European research project aiming at the support of cross-organizational workflows in dynamic virtual enterprises. The cooperation in these virtual enterprises is based on dynamic service outsourcing specified in electronic contracts. Service enactment is performed by dynamically linking the workflow management infrastructures of the involved organizations. Extended service enactment support is provided in the form of cross-organizational transaction management and process control, advanced quality of service monitoring, and support for high-level flexibility in service enactment. CrossFlow technology is realized on top of a commercial workflow management platform and applied in two real-world scenarios in the contexts of a logistics and an insurance company.

/pdf/crossflow-cross-organizational-workflow-management-in-2zy9imc2l9.pdf

CrossFlow: Cross-Organizational Workflow Management in Dynamic Virtual Enterprises

Current workflow management systems still lack support for dynamic and automatic workflow adaptations. However, this functionality is a major requirement for next-generation workflow systems to provide sufficient flexibility to cope with unexpected failure events. We present the concepts and implementation of AGENTWORK, a workflow management system supporting automated workflow adaptations in a comprehensive way. A rule-based approach is followed to specify exceptions and necessary workflow adaptations. AGENTWORK uses temporal estimates to determine which remaining parts of running workflows are affected by an exception and is able to predictively perform suitable adaptations. This helps to ensure that necessary adaptations are performed in time with minimal user interaction which is especially valuable in complex applications such as for medical treatments.

/pdf/agent-work-a-workflow-system-supporting-rule-based-workflow-36171zptma.pdf

AGENT WORK: a workflow system supporting rule-based workflow adaptation

The ConTract model

When "Group Commit Timers and High-Volume Transaction Systems" wasfirst published in the proceedings of the Second InternationalWorkshop on High-Performance Transaction Systems (Asilomar,California, September 1987), the graphs in Figures 4 and 5 wereaccidentally switched. The authors apologize for the error. Inthis publication, the graphs are correct.

Group Commit Timers and High Volume Transaction Systems

Though in general, current database systems adequately support application development and operation for online transaction processing (OLTP), increasing complexity of applications and throughput requirements reveal a number of weaknesses with respect to the data model and implementation techniques used. By presenting the experiences gained from a case study of a large, high volume stock trading system, representative for a broad class of OLTP applications, it is shown, that this particularly holds for dealing with high frequency access to a small number of data elements (hot spots). As a result, we propose extended data types and several novel mechanisms, which are easy to use and highly increase the expressional power of transaction oriented programming, that effectively cope with hot spots. Moreover, their usefulness and their ability to increased parallelism is exemplified by the stock trading application.

High contention in a stock trading database: a case study

In shared database management systems, there is a need for dynamically setting a large number of operational parameters, like transaction routing tables, assignment of central resources, multiprogramming level, etc. It is shown that static techniques as they are applied in current centralized DBMSs are inadequate for exploiting the performance potential of a shared DBMS. We therefore plead for using dynamic load control methods for adaptive modification of the DBMS's operational parameters. After a brief survey of the state of the art in database load control, we outline an approach for load balancing in a shared system, which consists of both analytic models and heuristics. The key concepts are illustrated by a simple example, and a number of areas for future research are identified.

Load control and load balancing in a shared database management system

Grundkonzepte und Realisierungstrategien des ConTract-Modells.

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