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A hybrid data frame is presented for a time division multiple access frequency hopping communications system. The frame includes uplink and downlink subframes, and each subframe includes a plurality of frequency hops. First frequency hops in each subframe have at least one time slot, and the first hops follow default non-adaptive frequency hopping patterns, such that unsynchronized communicating units can synchronize with the communications system during the first hops using the predetermined default pattern. The second frequency hop also includes at least one time slot, and employs an adaptive frequency hopping pattern. Once a communicating unit is synchronized to the communications system via the first frequency hop, it can be assigned to a time slot within the second hop and adaptive frequency hopping interference avoidance techniques can be implemented.

Hybrid frame structure for wireless communications

A radio frequency identification (RFID) system includes a plurality of RFID tags each having adjustable tag resonant frequency, and an RFID reader configured to transmit interrogation and change frequency RF signals. The interrogation and change frequency RF signals are transmitted at the current tag resonant frequency. The plurality of RFID tags modify the tag resonant frequency to a new tag resonant frequency in response to the change frequency RF signals. RFID tag identification rates may be enhanced by interrogating the plurality of RFID tags at the tag resonant frequency for a dwell time, receiving response RF signals, determining a new tag resonant frequency, and transmitting a change frequency RF signal that causes the RFID tags to change the tag resonant frequency to the new tag resonant frequency. The new resonant frequency may be based on the number of received responses.

System and method of enhancing range in a radio frequency identification system

A method and apparatus are described for applying a narrow band FH link for low-rate and medium-rate communications, and a stationary wide band channel for high-speed (HS) communications. A master and one or more slaves sharing the same FH link may form a piconet. Master and slaves may hop synchronously according to a pseudo-random hop sequence. A master may control traffic on the FH link. An HS link can be established between a master and one or more slaves or between two slaves. An appropriate band of the radio spectrum is selected adaptively based on lowest RSSI measurements both in master and slave to establish the HS link without making use of a hopping scheme. A master shares its time between the HS slave on the HS link and the slaves remaining on the FH link using Time Division multiplexing. If the HS link uses a part of the band over which the piconet hops, the master controls the traffic such that the HS link is never visited by the FH link. If the HS link and the FH link do not overlap, then hop avoidance is not required. The HS slave-pair remains in contact with the master by a beacon signal used on the FH link. Periodically, HS slaves interrupt HS communications to listen the FH link. The beacon protocol includes slaves returning from the HS link to the piconet channel. In an alternative embodiment, slaves communication over HS link for a time interval. Slaves automatically return to FH link after the expiration of the time interval.

Resource management in uncoordinated frequency hopping system

A control scheme using packet headers allows GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) systems to increase spectral efficiency through multiplexing techniques, such as superposition coding, multi-user packet transmission, joint detection, and/or joint decoding. A fast feedback scheme for GERAN allows Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) frames to be transmitted over GERAN air interfaces without excessive feedback latency. As a result, Hybrid Automatic Repeat-reQuest (H-ARQ) acknowledgements may be timely provided for end-to-end VoIP calls that traverse GERAN air interfaces. Additionally, Incremental Redundancy H-ARQ and link quality feedback latencies are decreased.

Multiplexing and feedback support for wireless communication systems

According to the invention, a method and an arrangement is provided for digital radio transmission of data between a fixed station (1) and at least one mobile station (2, 3) at one of a plurality of carrier frequencies (f1, f2, etc.) the data being transmitted in time slots (Z1, Z2 etc.) using time-division multiplex method (TDMA) and, in particular if so-called slow hopping RF modules are used, the change from one carrier frequency to another carrier frequency requiring at least a time period corresponding to one time slot. According to the invention, the data are transmitted in two successive active time slots (Z1, Z2) which are followed by an inactive time slot, in which no data are transmitted. The transmission in two successive time slots (Z1, Z2) takes place at the same carrier frequency. If the method or the arrangement according to the invention are used for the purpose of matching the DECT standard to the US-American ISM band, six time slots for transmitting from the fixed station to at least one mobile station can be followed by six time slots for transmitting from the at least one mobile station (2, 3) to the fixed station (1).

Method and device for radio transmission of data by means of frequency hops

Higher-Order Analysis of Kinematic Singularities of Lower Pair Linkages and Serial Manipulators

To facilitate the automated evaluation of energy-efficiency aspects of a system in the early lifecycle phase of engineering, a consistent semantic definition of the relevant terminology as well as the interrelations between those terms is required. For this purpose, a lightweight ontology named OntoENERGY has been developed, which allows for continuous handling of energy-efficiency issues in technical systems throughout their entire lifecycle. To verify OntoENERGY, a simulation model based on a real test bed of an automated plant process was modeled, analyzed, and assessed, with a focus on energy consumption and the related information. This allows optimization potential to be identified and enables a direct assessment, with the aid of a simulation model.

OntoENERGY – A Lightweight Ontology for Supporting Energy-efficiency Tasks - Enabling Generic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency in the Engineering Phase of Automated Manufacturing Plants

The method involves assigning priorities (P1,P2..) with respect to clock quality of clock sources (T3,T0..). The priorities are assigned in network elements (NE A,NE B..). The first network element is connected to a first clock source. A timing marker is sent from the first network element to the network elements connected to the first network element. Preferably, an independent network plan is made for each clock quality (Q1,Q2..). The synchronisation unit in a network and in sub-networks can be different for single qualities.

Synchronisation method especially for ring communication network

Verfahren
zur drahtlosen Ubertragung von
Sprachdaten zwischen mindestens zwei Endgeraten, wobei die in hintereinander
folgenden Paketen (p(k + x)) organisierten Sprachdaten jeweils in
Datenpaketen (p', p'', p''') in vordefinierten Datenrahmen mehrfach
redundant und in zeitlichen Abstanden
auf wechselnden Frequenzen (f i+1 , f i+2 ,f i+3 ) ubertragen
werden, zumindest bezuglich
eines redundanten Datensatzpaares (p', p'') die Ubertragung auf unterschiedlichen
Frequenzen (f i+1 , f i+2 )
stattfindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einer Frequenz (f i+3 ) n unterschiedliche und jeweils unterschiedlich
haufig ubertragene redundante
Datenpakete (p'(k + 2), p''(k + 1), p'''(k)) hintereinander folgender
Pakete (p(k + 2), p(k + 1), p(k)) ubertragen werden.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur drahtlosen Übertragung von Sprachdaten

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