Finite element simulation of a carving snow ski

The aims of this study were (1) to analyse the influence of temperature on the accuracy of a single 3D-dynamometer, (2) to establish the accuracy of a force measurement system that utilizes 3D-dynamometers, and (3) to compare forces measured by pressure insoles and by 3D-dynamometers. Temperature dependence was assessed on a single dynamometer at three different temperatures (23°C, 0°C, −10°C) in a cooling chamber. The relative measurement error was determined in the laboratory with the system mounted on alpine skis and on a snowboard. The forces measured by pressure insoles and by 3D-dynamometers were compared in tests on snow. One skier was used in this part of the study. The average measurement error of a single dynamometer increased from 0.2% to 0.9% when the temperature changed from +23°C to −10°C. At low forces ( 292 N), the average measurement error decreased to 0.3% a...

Determination of forces in alpine skiing and snowboarding: Validation of a mobile data acquisition system

Knee Injury Prevention in Alpine Skiing. A Technological Paradigm Shift towards a Mechatronic Ski Binding

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using a force measurement device on riding technique in mogul skiing. A mock-up version of such a device was positioned between ski boot and binding. Data on three-dimensional kinematics and perception were collected for eight subjects skiing down a mogul course. Parameters analysed were knee angle, side and forward lean of the trunk and hip, and the path of the body's centre of mass. A perception questionnaire was used on selective aspects to assess the skiers' perception of the performances. Perception ratings showed no significant detrimental effects. All assessed components showed a trend of improvement from the first to last run, thus suggesting familiarisation was achieved. Kinematic analysis revealed that no significant alterations occurred. In conclusion, it is intended to utilise a functional force plate similar to the one presented by Kiefmann et al. (2006) for future studies in freestyle skiing.

Perspectives for Comprehensive Biomechanical Analyses in Mogul Skiing

Skiausrüstung und Knieverletzungen beim alpinen Skifahren im Freizeitsport: Eine Expertise zum gegenwärtigen Stand der Technik und deren Entwicklungspotenzial

This paper describes the development of a new six component dynamometer for measuring ground reaction forces in alpine skiing. Unique of this new dynamometer is its ability to be used with any kind of skiing equipment, its easy adjustability to different boot size and its wireless data transmission. The mechanical construction consists of three parts: the fixation to the boot, the fixation to the binding and the load cell. To measure the loads a mechanically uncoupled assembling of shear beams attached with gauges are mounted in the load cell. Power supply and Bluetooth™ module are integrated into the system, data is acquired and stored on an external PDA.

A New Six Component Dynamometer for Measuring Ground Reaction Forces in Alpine Skiing

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A New Six Component Dynamometer for Measuring Ground Reaction Forces in Alpine Skiing