In April 1994, the Croatian government of the late Franjo Tudjman demanded that all “non white” UN troops be removed from Croatia, claiming that only “first-world troops” were sufficiently sensitized to Croatia's problems. In Western circles, however, it was Tudjman's Serbian counterpart, Slobodan Milosevic, who was often portrayed as a racist. Ramet, for example, argues that “Milosevic built his power on a foundation of hatred and xenophobia …”; Zimmermann refers to “the ethnic hatred sown by Milosevic and his ilk …”; and Duncan and Holman compare Milosevic to Russia's Vladimir Zhirinovsky, claiming that the latter's “blatant appeals to racism bear a striking resemblance to those of Milosevic's Serbia.” For her part, Madeleine Albright, speaking on national television as US Secretary of State in February 2000, described Milosevic as a man “who decides that if you are not of his ethnic group, you don't have a right to exist.”

National Minorities and the Milošević Regime

Artikel ini tentang jamaah asal Malaysia yang terlibat dalam aktivitas spiritual di Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah-Khalidiyah Babussalam (TNKB). Jamaah asal Malaysia ini berbeda dan membedaan diri dengan jamaah lokal, atau masyarakat Kampung Besilam. Untuk memahami eksistensi jamaah asal Malaysia ini diajukan pertanyaan apa identitas sosial dan bagaimana etnosentrisme jamaah asal Malaysia di TNKB. Menjawab pertanyaan diajukan digunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk menganalisis data ditemukan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa identitas sosial jamaah asal Malaysia dibentuk berdasarkan struktur sosial-ekonomi menempatkan kelompok tersebut sebagai kelompok menengah-atas karena memiliki profesi sebagai pegawai pemerintah, dan sebagian ada juga sebagai pejabat negara. Identitas sosial ditandai dengan penggunaan bahasa Melayu khas Malaysia, dan kecenderungan selalu berkelompok antar sesama dalam aktivitas spiritual dan sosial. Sedangkan etnosentrisme jamaah asal Malaysia dibentuk berdasarkan pandangan bahwa Malaysia lebih maju dari Indonesia, serta didukung stereotip pengalaman yang memposisikan masyarakat Indonesia sebagai kelompok pekerja kelas rendah di Malaysia. Stereotip mempengaruhi pandangan jamaah asal Malaysia tentang jamaah lokal, dan masyarakat Kampung Besilam masih terbelakang dan sulit untuk dipercayai.

/pdf/menjadi-a-oetamu-istimewaa-di-rumah-orang-lain-identitas-19wwagq7w4.pdf

Menjadi â€œTamu Istimewaâ€ di Rumah Orang Lain: Identitas Sosial dan Etnosentrisme Jamaah Suluk Asal Malaysia di Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah-Khalidiyah Babussalam (TNKB)

The paper argues that the grounds for the conflict in Donbass were prepared when different sections of Ukraine’s population developed conflicting perspectives of the past, the role of Russia in Ukraine’s history, and of how relations with the West should evolve. These differences lay the foundations for what became polarized identities and mutually exclusive ideologies. The study goes on to explore a changing political landscape of a leaderless uprising and formation of a protest movement out of locally available ingredients, the emergence of armed militias in unfolding security vacuum and the developments on the battlefield. As the rebel-held territories drifted away from mainland Ukraine, their new identity was formed by the war. The paper argues that understanding the internal dynamic of the guerrilla war and population’s survival has been key to the resolution, which is increasingly unlikely.

No Moscow stooges: identity polarization and guerrilla movements in Donbass

/pdf/raymond-duncan-w-and-g-paul-holman-jr-eds-ethnic-nationalism-4bxikp57pe.pdf

Raymond, Duncan W., and G. Paul Holman Jr., eds. Ethnic Nationalism and Regional Conflict — The Former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994.

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Raymond, Duncan W., and G. Paul Holman Jr., eds. Ethnic Nationalism and Regional Conflict — The Former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994.