Aspect] is a simple and practical aspect-oriented extension to Java With just a few new constructs, AspectJ provides support for modular implementation of a range of crosscutting concerns. In AspectJ's dynamic join point model, join points are well-defined points in the execution of the program; pointcuts are collections of join points; advice are special method-like constructs that can be attached to pointcuts; and aspects are modular units of crosscutting implementation, comprising pointcuts, advice, and ordinary Java member declarations. AspectJ code is compiled into standard Java bytecode. Simple extensions to existing Java development environments make it possible to browse the crosscutting structure of aspects in the same kind of way as one browses the inheritance structure of classes. Several examples show that AspectJ is powerful, and that programs written using it are easy to understand.

An overview of AspectJ

Foundations Of Statistics

Computer Controlled Systems: Theory and Design

Pulsatile blood flow through the cavities of the heart and great vessels is time-varying and multidirectional. Access to all regions, phases and directions of cardiovascular flows has formerly been limited. Four-dimensional (4D) flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has enabled more comprehensive access to such flows, with typical spatial resolution of 1.5×1.5×1.5 – 3×3×3 mm3, typical temporal resolution of 30–40 ms, and acquisition times in the order of 5 to 25 min. This consensus paper is the work of physicists, physicians and biomedical engineers, active in the development and implementation of 4D Flow CMR, who have repeatedly met to share experience and ideas. The paper aims to assist understanding of acquisition and analysis methods, and their potential clinical applications with a focus on the heart and greater vessels. We describe that 4D Flow CMR can be clinically advantageous because placement of a single acquisition volume is straightforward and enables flow through any plane across it to be calculated retrospectively and with good accuracy. We also specify research and development goals that have yet to be satisfactorily achieved. Derived flow parameters, generally needing further development or validation for clinical use, include measurements of wall shear stress, pressure difference, turbulent kinetic energy, and intracardiac flow components. The dependence of measurement accuracy on acquisition parameters is considered, as are the uses of different visualization strategies for appropriate representation of time-varying multidirectional flow fields. Finally, we offer suggestions for more consistent, user-friendly implementation of 4D Flow CMR acquisition and data handling with a view to multicenter studies and more widespread adoption of the approach in routine clinical investigations.

/pdf/4d-flow-cardiovascular-magnetic-resonance-consensus-1gb2j0a91a.pdf

4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement

The institutional arrangements governing skill formation are widely seen as constituting a key element in the institutional constellations that define distinctive “varieties of capitalism” across the developed democracies. This book explores the origins and evolution of such institutions in four countries – Germany, Britain, the United States, and Japan. It traces cross-national differences in contemporary training regimes back to the nineteenth century and, specifically, to the character of the political settlement achieved among employers in skill-intensive industries, artisans, and early trade unions. The book also tracks evolution and change in training institutions over a century of development. It uncovers important continuities through putative “breakpoints” in history, but also – more important perhaps – it provides insights into modes of institutional change that are incremental but cumulatively transformative. The study underscores the limits of the most prominent approaches to institutional change, and it identifies the political processes through which the form and functions of institutions can be radically reconfigured over time.

How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany, Britain, the United States, and Japan:

This article describes the work in progress on knowledge-based reconfiguration of a class of automation systems. The knowledge about manufacturing is represented in a number of formalisms and gathered around an ontology expressed in OWL, that allows generic reasoning in description logic. In the same time multiple representations facilitate efficient processing by a number of special-purpose reasoning modules, specific for the application domain. At the final stage of reconfiguration we exploit ontology-based rewriting, simplifying creation of the final configuration files.

Knowledge-Based Reconfiguration of Automation Systems

https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/ws/files/3646302/5464138.pdf

On the perceived usefulness of risk descriptions for decision-making in disaster risk management

PURPOSE: To evaluate accuracy and noise properties of a novel time-resolved, three-dimensional, three-directional phase contrast sequence with variable velocity encoding (denoted 4D-vPC) on a 3 Tesla MR system, and to investigate potential benefits and limitations of variable velocity encoding with respect to depicting blood flow patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 4D PC-MRI sequence was modified to allow variable velocity encoding (VENC) over the cardiac cycle in all three velocity directions independently. 4D-PC sequences with constant and variable VENC were compared in a rotating phantom with respect to measured velocities and noise levels. Additionally, comparison of flow patterns in the ascending aorta was performed in six healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Phantom measurements showed a linear relationship between velocity noise and velocity encoding. 4D-vPC MRI presented lower noise levels than 4D-PC both in phantom and in volunteer measurements, in agreement with theory. Volunteer comparisons revealed more consistent and detailed flow patterns in early diastole for the variable VENC sequences. CONCLUSION: Variable velocity encoding offers reduced noise levels compared with sequences with constant velocity encoding by optimizing the velocity-to-noise ratio (VNR) to the hemodynamic properties of the imaged area. Increased VNR ratios could be beneficial for blood flow visualizations of pathology in the cardiac cycle. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Less)

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jmri.23778

Variable velocity encoding in a three-dimensional, three-directional phase contrast sequence: Evaluation in phantom and volunteers.

A two-compartment gel phantom for optimization and quality assurance in clinical BOLD fMRI.

A crusher has a first crushing means (4) and a second crushing means (5) together with the first crushing means (4) defining a crushing grap (6). A measuring device (12. 13) is arranged to measure the instantaneous load on the crusher during at least one period to obtain a number of measured values. A calculation device (11) is arranged to calculate a representative value that is representative of the highest, measured instantaneous load during each such period of time. A control device (11) is arranged to compare the representative value with a desired value and to control the load on the crusher depending on said comparison. In this type of control, a more efficient crushing and reduced risk of the crusher breaking down are obtained.

Method and device for controlling a crusher, and a pointer instrument for indication of load on a crusher

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