Previous research has shown that major life events can have short- and long-term effects on subjective well-being (SWB). The present meta-analysis examines (a) whether life events have different effects on affective and cognitive well-being and (b) how the rate of adaptation varies across different life events. Longitudinal data from 188 publications (313 samples, N = 65,911) were integrated to describe the reaction and adaptation to 4 family events (marriage, divorce, bereavement, childbirth) and 4 work events (unemployment, reemployment, retirement, relocation/migration). The findings show that life events have very different effects on affective and cognitive well-being and that for most events the effects of life events on cognitive well-being are stronger and more consistent across samples. Different life events differ in their effects on SWB, but these effects are not a function of the alleged desirability of events. The results are discussed with respect to their theoretical implications, and recommendations for future studies on adaptation are given.

/pdf/subjective-well-being-and-adaptation-to-life-events-a-meta-2k3b9a6u7u.pdf

Subjective well-being and adaptation to life events: a meta-analysis.

This keynote chapter presents main research findings on new gender roles and their implications for families and societies. It first depicts the development of family forms in Europe over the past fifty years, with a focus on increasingly diverse family biographies and the changes in the roles of women and men. It highlights that changes in women’s role have been more comprehensive, whereas in most countries the transformation of the male role has barely started. Next, views in contemporary scholarship on the interplay between the increasing family complexity and gender role changes are addressed. A detailed discussion of new challenges of transitions in and organization of family life follows, with a focus on four main topics: women’s new role and the implications for family dynamics, the gendered transition to parenthood, new gender roles in doing families, and coping strategies in family and work reconciliation under conditions of uncertainty and precariousness and impacts on fertility. A brief conclusion ends this chapter.

/pdf/the-new-roles-of-men-and-women-and-implications-for-families-4d1nosd9yx.pdf

The New Roles of Men and Women and Implications for Families and Societies

Aims: The aims of the study were to compare parenting stress and emotional wellbeing in mothers and fathers of preschool children, to look for predictors of different aspects of parenting stress in...

Parenting stress and emotional wellbeing in mothers and fathers of preschool children

Men in the transition to parenthood have to integrate fatherhood into their self-concepts and identities. Contemporary societies, in particular, provide two contradictory discourses for fathersto-b...

https://www.jstor.org/stable/info/41604478

When Men Become Fathers: Men’s Identity at the Transition to Parenthood

Aims. This study aims to examine the differences in the prevalence of depression and related factors between new mothers and fathers during the postnatal period.

Background.  Although the transition to motherhood and postnatal depression has been extensively studied, few studies compared maternal and paternal psychological health during the postnatal period.

Design.  A cross-sectional design was used.

Methods.  A total of 376 pairs of new parents participated in this study. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale were used to measure depression, perceived stress and social support, respectively. We performed paired t-test and multiple regression to analyse the data.

Results.  No significant difference in the prevalence of postnatal depression was found between the new mothers and fathers (14·9 vs. 12·5%). Fathers experienced similar stress levels as mothers did, while they received lower level of social support than mothers. Perceived stress, social support and partner’s Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score were significantly associated with depression for both mothers and fathers. Less sleeping time of infant and a tense relationship between mothers and mother-in-law were related to mothers’ depression. The preference for a male baby was associated with fathers’ depression.

Conclusion.  Both new mothers and fathers experienced postnatal depression in China.

Relevance to clinical practice.  Clinical nurses should pay attention to psychological health among new parents during postnatal period. Perinatal services, such as antenatal and postnatal education and counselling, should also be provided for fathers.

A comparison of postnatal depression and related factors between Chinese new mothers and fathers

Swedish couples' perceptions of their marital quality when their firstborn was 6 months old and then 4 years later were studied in 2002 and 2006, respectively. The results show that almost half of the 368 responding parents were satisfied with their marital relationship both in 2002 and 2006 as assessed by a modified Dyadic Adjustment Scale. However, a study of the various dimensions showed a significant decrease in marital quality. Housework and child care were perceived as having a greater strain on the relationship between couples who had had additional children during this period. Dyadic Sexuality and Dyadic Cohesion were the most significant predictors of marital quality. Covariates of marital quality in the group with additional children were “partner relation and parenthood perceived as a strain” and “perceived social support.” The results emphasize the need for supportive interventions for parents with children aged 0 to 4 years.

Perception of marital quality by parents with small children: a follow-up study when the firstborn is 4 years old.

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Perception of marital quality by parents with small children: a follow-up study when the firstborn is 4 years old.