|With the rapid growth of wireless communication systems, there is a rising demand for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna systems capable of adapting to various frequency bands and operating conditions. This paper presents an integrated design for MIMO antennas based on a varactor diode as a promising component for achieving frequency agility in the proposed system. A dual-polarized system is achieved by employing a combination of two antennas. One antenna is situated on the exterior surface of the side-edge frame, while the other is positioned on the substrate surface. The spatial con(cid:12)guration enables the creation of orthogonal polarization orientations, speci(cid:12)cally vertical and horizontal polarizations. In each element, varactor diodes are positioned to provide reactive loading. By incorporating varactor diodes with a variable bias voltage (0.5{10 V) into the antenna design, the resonant frequency can be dynamically adjusted, allowing the antenna to operate across a wide range of frequencies (4.3 to 6.5 GHz) with more than 18 dB of mutual coupling in the working band. The presented recon(cid:12)gurable antennas are printed on compact dimensions of 15 (cid:2) 25 (cid:2) 0 : 8 mm 3 using a Rogers RT5880 material with a relative dielectric constant 2.2. Because of its (cid:13)exible frequency range, extensive tuning range, small size, and planar structure, it is well-suited for various current and future wireless communication applications, including cognitive radio, software-de(cid:12)ned radio, and next-generation wireless networks.

Compact Dual-polarized Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna Based on a Varactor Diode for 5G Mobile Terminal Applications

Abstract In this paper, a low-profile antenna with characteristic of reconfigurable of dual bands’ pattern for 5G New Radio (NR) communication is proposed to mitigate the problems of signal fading and multipath propagation. The design incorporates a turnstile-shaped patch, a circular patch with etched rectangular slots and a discontinuous ring patch. The circular patch with etched rectangular slots and discontinuous ring patch are placed in the same plane to obtain dual band characteristic. The discontinuous ring patch works as a near-field resonant parasitic unit to improve the front-to-back ratio values at the resonance points and adjust the beam direction. Eight diodes are loaded to control the connection states of the rectangle slots on the circular patch. By combining an electric dipole formed by diode-controlled slot with a magnetic dipole formed by the turnstile-shaped patch, then a dual-band antenna with diverse patterns is designed. The measured results show that the designed antenna has dual-band characteristics and operates in the bands of 3.39–3.62 GHz and 4.77–5.01 GHz with peak gains of 3.6 dBi and 4.2 dBi, respectively. Furthermore, the measured radiation pattern results show that it is feasible to reconfigure the pattern in both bands simultaneously at 45° intervals. 

pdf/low-profile-pattern-reconfigurable-patch-antenna-with-dual-4np01visi04r.pdf

Low-profile pattern reconfigurable patch antenna with dual bands characteristic for 5G NR communication

A pattern reconfigurable patch antenna with dual band characteristic is investigated in this paper. Two substrates with an air layer of 2mm is used to design the antenna. Two radiators are respectively printed on the top surfaces of the two substrates. The first radiator, which is the circular patch, is printed on the top surface of the upper substrate. Eight rectangular slots are also introduced to obtain directional radiation pattern with reconfigurable characteristic in low band by changing the current distribution, and no metal layer is printed on the bottom surface of the upper substrate. The second radiator, which is composed of a cross branch and four arc-shaped branches, is printed on the top surface of the lower substrate to provide weak coupling effect with the circular patch. A round ground plane and four symmetrical rectangular slots are printed on the bottom surface of the lower substrate to generate additional resonance point in high band with the characteristic of pattern reconfiguration. A total of 12 PIN diodes are installed in the rectangular slots to verify the accuracy of dual-band and pattern reconfigurable features. The measured result exhibits that the designed antenna has dual band characteristic, in which the low band f1 is from 2.43 to 2.50 GHz with an average gain of 3.2 dBi and an average radiation efficiency of 73.5%, and the high band f2 is from 4.83 to 5.03 GHz with an average gain of 5.24 dBi and an average radiation efficiency of 73.9%. Moreover, the measured radiation patterns show that the patterns can be reconfigured at 90-degree intervals simultaneously in two bands.

Pattern reconfigurable patch antenna with dual band characteristic for wlan & 5g applications

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Pattern reconfigurable patch antenna with dual band characteristic for wlan & 5g applications