Security for 4G and 5G cellular networks

5G will provide broadband access everywhere, entertain higher user mobility, and enable connectivity of massive number of devices (e.g. Internet of Things (IoT)) in an ultrareliable and affordable way. The main technological enablers such as cloud computing, Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are maturing towards their use in 5G. However, there are pressing security challenges in these technologies besides the growing concerns for user privacy. In this paper, we provide an overview of the security challenges in these technologies and the issues of privacy in 5G. Furthermore, we present security solutions to these challenges and future directions for secure 5G systems.

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5G security: Analysis of threats and solutions

Teleoperated medical robotic systems allow procedures such as surgeries, treatments, and diagnoses to be conducted across short or long distances while utilizing wired and/or wireless communication networks. This study presents a systematic review of the relevant literature between the years 2004 and 2015, focusing on medical teleoperated robotic systems which have witnessed tremendous growth over the examined period. A thorough insight of telerobotics systems discussing design concepts, enabling technologies (namely robotic manipulation, telecommunications, and vision systems), and potential applications in clinical practice is provided, while existing limitations and future trends are also highlighted. A representative paradigm of the short-distance case is the da Vinci Surgical System which is described in order to highlight relevant issues. The long-distance telerobotics concept is exemplified through a case study on diagnostic ultrasound scanning. Moreover, the present review provides a classification into short- and long-distance telerobotic systems, depending on the distance from which they are operated. Telerobotic systems are further categorized with respect to their application field. For the reviewed systems are also examined their engineering characteristics and the employed robotics technology. The current status of the field, its significance, the potential, as well as the challenges that lie ahead are thoroughly discussed.

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Medical telerobotic systems: current status and future trends.

Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) network, as an integration of optical fiber network and wireless access network, has attracted intensive research interest and enjoyed significant growth in its applications over the last two decades. Besides bringing great opportunities for the development of FiWi networks, the new applications and techniques, like the emerging Internet of Things (IoT), raise unprecedented challenges in different aspects of FiWi integration. Based on such observation, we provide in this paper a comprehensive survey of recent progress and ongoing research works in the aspects of network architecture, QoS provisioning, scalability improving, reliability enhancing, energy saving, as well as standardization activities and case studies. Furthermore, new trends and challenging issues on future smart FiWi networks are identified and discussed in details.

New Perspectives on Future Smart FiWi Networks: Scalability, Reliability, and Energy Efficiency

New integrated technologies have changed various existing fields and converted into new and advanced data communication systems including, smart agriculture, smart homes, smart health, and smart transportation systems. Internet of Things (IoT) has evolved a new theme to vehicular networks field known as the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). This paper presents a comprehensive review and detailed background and motivation to evolve the heterogeneous vehicular networks. Paper also proposed new integrated models and key technologies related to network maintenance, a six-layered architecture model based on protocol stack and network elements, network model based on cloud services, big data analytical model based on data acquisition and analytics, security model based on detection and prevention systems. Paper also envisioned existing challenges and future directions to design the new integrated models.

Internet of Vehicles: Key Technologies, Network Model, Solutions and Challenges With Future Aspects

The authors give an overview on the state of the art of potential security issues that occur in the deployment of the LTE/SAE (Long-Term Evolution/System Architecture Evolution) protocol in emerging 4G wireless technologies. Although security concerns and challenges in wireless networks will remain a hot topic in the future, the LTE/SAE standard could adapt to these rising challenges, becoming more robust and secure. By looking at the authentication and ciphering algorithms, such as EAP-AKA (Extensible Authentication Protocol for Authentication and Key Agreement), currently operating within the LTE protocol, the authors analyze several vulnerabilities in LTE/SAE security architecture&#x2014;specifically, insecure AKA key derivation procedures and the lack of fast reauthentications during handovers.

LTE/SAE Security Issues on 4G Wireless Networks

This work presents a new converged access architecture for LTE mobile backhaul networks. In the proposed architecture, evolved NodeBs (eNBs) are interconnected with local ring-based wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) passive optical networks (PONs), which aggregate and efficiently transport traffic to the evolved packet core (EPC). The proposed WDM-PON ring design supports a dynamic setup of virtual circuits for inter-base-station communication, over a dedicated Alan channel. It also supports load balancing, by dynamically reallocating and sharing the capacity of the downstream wavelengths. The reservation mechanism is arbitrated by the optical line terminal, which monitors the traffic imbalances of downstream channels and orchestrates the setup of subwavelength ?transient flows.?

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New unified PON-RAN access architecture for 4G LTE networks

The recent emergence of ultra-high-speed and high-definition data and video services has pushed wireless network capacity to its limits Cellular network capacity is therefore a valuable resource, whereas indoor coverage poses itself as a challenging issue At the same time, real-world paradigms of multimedia transmission require effective Quality-of-Service (QoS) provisioning as well as power admission To confront issues like delay-sensitive QoS requirements and traffic provisioning, as well as meet the mobile customer needs, this paper presents a traffic-aware Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple-Access (OFDMA) hybrid small-cell deployment for QoS provisioning and an optimal admission control strategy for 4G cellular systems The traffic awareness in the proposed framework is provided by a utility function, which differentiates the traffic QoS levels with the user's grouping priority indexes, channel conditions, and traffic characteristics To further enhance the proposed framework, an admission power control algorithm based on an efficient algorithm handover is also proposed

Power-Aware and QoS Provisioned Real Time Multimedia Transmission in Small Cell Networks

The Blockchain concept is often mostly associated with Bitcoin and monetary transactions, however, the technology has enormous potential for several industries including the space sector. Cybersecurity enhancement plays a detrimental role in critical core operations inside the space functional flow: from the supply chain, satellite orbital tracking, and digital communications efficacy. The increasing adaption of connected highly advanced technologies exposes satellites, aeronautical drones, space vehicles, and ground stations to new types of cybersecurity risks. Hacking, cyber threats, as well as cyber-crimes in space are new trends. Such industrial ecosystems can benefit from Blockchain & distributed ledger technologies (DLT) that make it possible to intelligently decentralize governance. This work attempts to further demystify the linkage between space and the Blockchain, address the ledger's potential to provide added-on cybersecurity to the critical space core functionalities, via a ready-prototyped DLT/IOTA secure framework (SWIoTA), and finally, illuminate the roles of DLT ledger to secure networks of satellites orbits, as well as space tokenization concept.

Enhancing Space Security Utilizing the Blockchain: Current Status and Future Directions

In this paper the problem of IP watermark proof is attacked by a new technique applied at the state machine level along with assisting hardware. Experiments on benchmark circuits and an example system-on-chip (SoC) indicate that the overhead of the proposed technique on the delay and area is negligible and extremely small respectively.

Easily verified IP watermarking

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