https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(08)61706-7.pdf

Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries

Review(s) of: The Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture and Social Change, by McRobbie, Angela, Sage, London, 2009, ISBN 9 7807 6197 0620, vi + 184 pp., A$49.95, Distributor: Footprint Books.

The Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture and Social Change [Book Review]

Talk across the Gender Gap The Search for a Women's Language The Assertiveness Bandwagon Two Sexes, Two Cultures On Conversational Humor Toward a Feminist Theory of Gender and Communication

Talking differenceon gender and language

Research on partner abuse has lagged in much of the world where attention has been on other problems (such as famine and war) and other crimes against women (e. g., honor killings, genital mutilation). We conducted a sweeping review of scholarly articles published in peer-reviewed journals and by government agencies outside of the United States and English-speaking developed nations that provided quantitative data on physical, psychological, and sexual abuse of intimate partners as well as consequences, risk factors, and attitudes. One hundred sixty-two articles reporting on more than 200 studies in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and Europe met the inclusion criteria from various types of samples. Most of the studies reported on female victimization only, but 73 reported on both male and female victimization. We also conducted an analysis of data from our literature review, including 1 major cross-national study, to determine the relationship among prevalence of abuse, social factors, and women's empowerment. Results indicate that partner abuse is a widespread problem around the world, with multiple causes. Overall prevalence of abuse is higher in Third World countries compared to the United States, and rates for physical and psychological abuse are comparable across gender in most countries when all types of samples are considered. No significant association was found between rates of partner violence (PV) and a nation's level of human development. However, a significant relationship was found between a nation's level of gender empowerment and rates of PV by both males and females but only for university dating samples from the International Dating Violence Study (IDVS). In addition, an analysis of the IDVS indicates that efforts by 1 partner to dominate the other are positively correlated with physical abuse perpetration for women, but not for men. Among the limitations of this review was the relatively few numbers of large population studies that ask about both male and female perpetration and victimization and the consequences and context of PV. Implications of the findings include the need for a broader conceptualization of PV as not merely a gender problem but also (and perhaps primarily) a human problem.

Partner abuse worldwide

Little is known about risk and protective factors for emotional and physical child abuse in South Africa. Existing research has focused largely on sexual abuse and relied on recollections of childhood abuse from university and high-school students or data from criminal reports. The objective of this study was to establish risk and protective factors for severe physical and emotional abuse amongst a large cross-sectional community sample of South African youth. Confidential self-report questionnaires were completed by children aged 13–19 (n = 603, 47.9% female) with local interviewers in deprived areas of South Africa. Standardised measures of abuse, hypothesised risk factors and socio-demographic variables were used. Factors associated with severe physical and emotional child abuse were experience of family conflict (p = 0.003), unequal food distribution (p < 0.014), inconsistent discipline (p = 0.012), number of caregiver changes (p = 0.022), living with a step-parent (p = 0.034), caregiver disability (p = 0.004), food insecurity (p = 0.006), bullying (p < 0.001), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related stigma (p < 0.001), sexual abuse (p = 0.003), school non-attendance (p = 0.006) and non-achievement (p = 0.015). These identified risk and protective factors at community, school, caregiver and household levels have the potential to affect the risk of abuse for children in South Africa, and may be valuable fields for future intervention efforts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

‘The objective of this study was to establish risk and protective factors for severe physical and emotional abuse amongst a large cross-sectional sample of South African youth’

Key Practitioner Messages
Risk and protective factors for physical and emotional child abuse have not been thoroughly studied in South Africa.
Risk and protective factors for child abuse in South Africa include poverty, AIDS-related stigma, bullying, school non-attendance and achievement, sexual abuse, caregiver disability, inconsistent discipline, family conflict and living with a step-parent.
Future research should focus on longitudinal data to establish causality and to examine the relationship between child abuse and caregiver AIDS sickness.

/pdf/risk-and-protective-factors-for-physical-and-emotional-abuse-541rew38vv.pdf

Risk and Protective Factors for Physical and Emotional Abuse Victimisation amongst Vulnerable Children in South Africa

Prison sentences are a particular type of penalty that aim to reintegrate individuals into society. Nonetheless, research suggests that prison sentences have a null or a criminogenic effect on recidivism and a critical impact on inmates' mental health, negatively interfering with their successful reintegration into society and recidivism. Prevalence rates of mental health disorders among individuals who commit crimes are high, but little is known about how incarceration perpetuates and/or worsens mental health symptoms. In the Portuguese context, no studies focused on understanding the impact of imprisonment on prisoners' mental health. Thus, this project aims to understand incarceration's mental health and well-being impact on male and female individuals convicted to prison, both while incarcerated and after release.The study will follow a quantitative cross-sectional design of male and female individuals in prison and parole, aiming to assess different samples at different moments of the prison sentence. It will also follow a longitudinal design in a subsample of male and female individuals sentenced to prison and on parole who will be followed for one year.This study intends to have a meaningful impact on the understanding of imprisonment effects, giving important clues for developing and implementing evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies to address prisoners' and ex-prisoners' mental health and improve their ability to successfully reintegrate into society and reduce recidivism. 

The impact of imprisonment on individuals’ mental health and society reintegration: study protocol

O presente artigo destaca a necessidade de atender as questoes de genero na analise do fenomeno da violencia contra a mulher, considerando que a construcao social do genero e constitutiva da vivencia cultural deste fenomeno. Partindo de uma breve revisao de como a diferenca entre homens e mulheres tem sido abordada, da analise da forma como a nocao de “genero” tem sido conceptualizada e, com base na abordagem construcionista social, defende-se a sua natureza nao so social mas tambem cultural. Seguidamente, procede-se a uma analise do modo como a relacao violencia conjugal e genero tem sido equacionada na comunidade cientifica e nas diferentes abordagens teoricas. Face as controversias existentes, as limitacoes das varias abordagens e, partindo da conceptualizacao do genero enquanto construcao socio-cultural, propomos uma abordagem cultural da relacao violencia/genero. Sob esta abordagem, consideramos que a violencia conjugal e o genero nao devem ser analisados isoladamente, mas que estao interligados, sendo o genero uma parte integrante e constitutiva do enquadramento cultural do fenomeno da violencia.

/pdf/genero-e-violencia-conjugal-uma-relacao-cultural-405b0jwyjy.pdf

Género e violência conjugal - Uma relação cultural

1. Coextinction is the simplest form of secondary extinction and freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) may be particularly prone to this phenomenon as their life cycle includes an obligatory parasitic larval stage on fish hosts. 2. The main aims of this study were to determine the possible ecological fish hosts of Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758) in several rivers of the Douro basin in northern Portugal and to assess possible spatial and temporal differences in glochidial (larval) loads. In order to achieve this, electrofishing was conducted from December to April, the fish fauna

/pdf/from-the-lab-to-the-river-determination-of-ecological-hosts-4138nwxoow.pdf

From the lab to the river: Determination of ecological hosts of Anodonta anatina

No presente artigo procede-se a descricao e analise das abordagens teoricas sobre o amor nas Ciencias Sociais, principalmente na Psicologia. O objetivo e proporcionar uma compreensao geral acerca de como o fenomeno tem sido conceptualizado e analisar como o amor e a violencia tem sido articulados. Assinalando os principais contributos e limitacoes de cada abordagem, defende-se que o amor e um fenomeno socio culturalmente construido e sugere-se a necessidade de adotar uma perspetiva construcionista para compreender como a violencia e o amor se relacionam, no sentido de desconstruir discursos que possam contribuir para praticas relacionais violentas.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3991524.pdf

Amor e violência na intimidade: da essência à construção social

O presente estudo procura compreender como as mulheres vitimas de violencia falam sobre o amor e as relacoes de intimidade e como experienciam e significam o fenomeno da violencia sofrida. Explora-se tambem o recurso a violencia por parte destas mulheres, em que contextos o fazem e como significam a violencia perpetrada. O estudo envolve 12 mulheres vitimas de violencia, de diferentes grupos etarios e com diferentes trajectorias de vida, com as quais se conduziu uma entrevista individual acerca da historia de amor da sua vida. Conclui-se que tanto os relatos de vitimacao como os de perpetracao se inscrevem em discursos socioculturais mais amplos sobre o amor e as relacoes de intimidade – que sustentam a vitimacao sofrida no feminino e limitam a agressividade feminina. Concluimos que a violencia feminina assume caracteristicas idiossincraticas e tem implicacoes praticas diferentes, relacionadas com as desigualdades e assimetria de genero, nao havendo similaridade na violencia entre homens e mulheres na intimidade. A agressividade feminina surge como estrategia para lidar com a adversidade, no sentido de conseguir algum controlo sobre a relacao e o sentido de si proprias, revelando a capacidade de luta, sobrevivencia e resiliencia destas mulheres. Palavras-chave: Agressividade feminina, Amor, Discursos socio-culturais, Violencia na intimidade, Vitimacao feminina.

Repertórios interpretativos sobre o amor e as relações de intimidade de mulheres vítimas de violência: amar e ser amado violentamente? = Interpretative repertoires about love and intimate relationships of women victims of violence: to love and be loved violently?

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