The invasive golden mussel, Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857), was introduced into the La Plata River estuary and quickly expanded upstream to the North, into the Paraguay and Parana rivers. An ecological niche modeling approach, based on limnological variables, was used to predict the expansion of the golden mussel in the Paraguay River and its tributaries. We used three approaches to predict the geographic distribution: 1) the spatial distribution of calcium concentration and the saturation index for calcium carbonate (calcite); 2) the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production (GARP) model; and the 3) Maximum Entropy Method (Maxent) model. Other limnological variables such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were used in the latter two cases. Important tributaries of the Paraguay River such as the Cuiaba and Miranda/Aquidauana rivers exhibit high risk of invasion, while lower risk was observed in the chemically dilute waters of the middle basin where shell calcification may be limited by low calcium concentrations and carbonate mineral undersaturation.

/pdf/modeling-the-potential-distribution-of-the-invasive-golden-1fuadaphc2.pdf

Modeling the potential distribution of the invasive golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei in the Upper Paraguay River system using limnological variables

Reservoirs are artificial ecosystems with multiple functions having direct and indirect benefits to humans; however, they also cause ecological changes and influence the composition and structure of aquatic biota. Our objectives were to: (1) assess the environmental condition of Nova Ponte Reservoir, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil; and (2) determine how the aquatic biota respond to disturbances. A total of 40 sites in the littoral zone of the reservoir were sampled to characterize physical and chemical habitat, land use, and benthic macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages. The predominant type of land cover near the reservoir was natural vegetation. A total of 29 fish species and 39 macroinvertebrate taxa were collected, including eight alien species. Most sites had intermediate levels of human disturbance, however, high levels of degradation were associated with high proportions of alien species. Disturbances at multiple scales may alter natural patterns and processes, leading to environmental changes and damaging biological communities. Our results reinforce the importance of assessing reservoir ecological conditions at several scales. The study of land use, littoral zone physical habitat characteristics, water quality, and assemblage structure set the ground for proposing actions to rehabilitate and conserve aquatic ecosystems.

/pdf/ecological-assessment-of-a-southeastern-brazil-reservoir-1e6hyie763.pdf

Ecological assessment of a southeastern Brazil reservoir

We evaluated the importance of the invasive mollusks (Corbicula fluminea and Limnoperna fortunei) in the diets of the fish species through analysis of stomach contents of fish caught in the commercial fishery in the years 2005 and 2006 in the Itaipu Reservoir (Upper Parana River). The degree that these bivalves are processed in the digestive tract was used to identify potential controllers. Food items were evaluated by using the methods of occurrence, volume, and Feeding Index (IAi). Out of the 36 fish species present in the fishery landings, 24 consumed L. fortunei and 12 consumed C. fluminea. In order to evaluate the possibility that the bivalves pass through the digestive tract of the predator without any damage, their degree of digestion was evaluated. Only species with morphological pre-adaptations for a malacophagous diet, or that managed to crush the shells of these bivalves were very successful with this kind of food. In particular, Megalancistrus parananus, Leporinus obtusidens, and Leporinus macrocephalus may be regarded as potential biological control agents for these invasive populations.

/pdf/fish-as-potential-controllers-of-invasive-mollusks-in-a-2x9swyiyno.pdf

Fish as Potential Controllers of Invasive Mollusks in a Neotropical Reservoir

Aquarium trade is one of the most important pathways of biological invasion. Much attention
has been given to target introduced species, but little is discussed on the associated
bycatch ones. The aim of this paper is to analyze the risk of invasion by non-commercial
invertebrates using aquarium stores as a model. Monthly visits to eight stores in Aracaju
(Sergipe State) were performed from April to September 2011. Inspections were carried
out and questionnaires were applied to owners and employees of the establishments. Two
non-native species were identified, Melanoides tuberculatus (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) and
Lernaea cyprinacea (Crustacea, Copepoda). Sixty-two specimens of M. tuberculatus were
found among the aquatic plants in one of the stores, while L. cyprinacea was collected in
four establishments parasitizing Carassius auratus, Hypostomus sp., Poecilia latipinna,
Poecilia sphenops, Poecilia reticulata and Xiphophorus hellerii. The interviews that have
been done with owners and employees revealed that none of the stores has submitted
fishes and plants to quarantine, and the disposal of wastewater is directly into the sewer
system. It is necessary to adopt preventive measures such as a quarantine period for
fishes and the creation of a warning about the dangers of biological invasions or aquarium
dumping for aquarium hobbyists to mitigate the risk of invasion.

/pdf/aquarium-trade-as-a-potential-disseminator-of-non-native-421d6dpy09.pdf

Aquarium trade as a potential disseminator of non-native invertebrates in Northeastern Brazil

Freshwaters are among the most vulnerable ecosystems regarding biological invasions. Reservoirs built after the last half century in Sao Paulo State have been continuously subjected to the introduction and establishment of alien species, both exotic and allochtonous. Here we present a short historical and the present status of some recent, still going on, biological invasion processes, for both, invertebrate and vertebrates, with emphasis on Tiete River basin. Among reservoir communities, the zooplankton has the lowest number of established exotic species, with 4 species: the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia lumnholtzi, the cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops ogunnus and the rotifer Kellikotia bostoniensis. Among the macroinvertebrate communities there is a fast ongoing invasion by three exotic species of mollusks, the Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, the African-Asian gastropod, Melanoides tuberculata, and the golden mussel, Limnoperna fortunei, this latter a cause of greatest concern. However by far the community most affected by introduction of alien species is the ichthyofauna. In reservoirs of Tiete, Paranapanema and Rio Grande rivers, the main tributaries of the Upper Parana basin, the relative proportion of alien species vary approximately between 10 and 25% of the total number of species. Most introductions were derived from anthropic activities, either from direct local introduction, the so called peixamento or by accidental escape from nearby fish farming installations. Some species have profound effects on the structure of the fish community, as recently happened in Lobo (Broa) reservoir after the introduction of the Cichla kelberi. The African Sarotherodon niloticus and Tilapia rendalli and the allochtonous Plagioscion squamosissimus became the dominant species in many Sao Paulo state reservoirs. The complex interaction between biological invasions, water pollution and eutrophication, is the possible cause for many native species extinction going on in Sao Paulo State rivers and cascade of reservoirs. At short time and local scale, management actions are urgently required to eradicate or minimize the impact of exotic species in the reservoirs, especially in the small ones, and at longer time and larger scales, education and law enforcement are essential tools for both prevention of new introductions and management to the already existing problems.

/pdf/animal-invaders-in-sao-paulo-state-reservoirs-3hryryomwd.pdf

Animal invaders in são paulo state reservoirs

This study analyze the composition of species, the density and the spatial and temporal distribution of benthic malacofauna in three reservoirs of the Middle Tiete River. The samplings were carried out in two climatic periods, the rainy season in November 2002 and the dry season in August 2003, showing three portions in each reservoir (upper, middle and lower) and following a sweeping with six sampling points in each transect. Based on the limnological data the reservoirs of the Middle Tiete River were eutrophied with high concentrations of nutrients (total and dissolved). Eight species of mollusks were registered, six natives and two exotics. Of these, the dominant species was the exotic and invading mollusk Melanoides tuberculata (Muller, 1774), found in all reservoirs. Another exotic specie Corbicula fluminea (Muller, 1774), was current in all the reservoirs in both periods of sampling (except in the Barra Bonita reservoir). In the Barra Bonita reservoir only the two exotic species occurred, while in the Bariri and Ibitinga the native species Aylacostoma tenuilabris (Bernardi, 1856), Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818), Biomphalaria intermedia (Paraense & Deslandes, 1962), Diplodon expansus (Kuster, 1853), Physa cubensis (Pfeiffer, 1839) and Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) occurred in at least one of the sampled periods. The generalized occupation of M. tuberculata and C. fluminea and the high densities of these species in the studied reservoirs reveal the invading potential of same and the probable competition with the native species.

/pdf/a-malacofauna-bentonica-das-represas-do-medio-rio-tiete-sao-54y52rmwll.pdf

A malacofauna bentônica das represas do médio rio Tietê (São Paulo, Brasil) e uma avaliação ecológica das espécies exóticas invasoras, Melanoides tuberculata (Müller) e Corbicula fluminea (Müller)

A composicao taxonomica, a densidade e a distribuicao espacial de moluscos bentonicos nos reservatorios do baixo rio Tiete (Sao Paulo) foram analisadas. A amostragem dos moluscos foi realizada em novembro de 2002 e agosto de 2003. As caracteristicas fisicas e quimicas dos reservatorios tambem foram avaliadas buscando-se correlaciona-las a composicao taxonomica e a distribuicao dos taxons atraves da Analise de Correspondencia Canonica (ACC). A especie exotica Melanoides tuberculata esteve distribuida em todas as porcoes amostradas e foi a especie mais abundante, correspondendo a 65,9% ou mais da abundância total, sendo dominante em todos os reservatorios, com densidade maxima de 23753 ind.m –2 registrada na profundidade de 2 m da porcao superior do reservatorio de Nova Avanhandava. As demais especies exoticas, Corbicula fluminea e Helisoma sp., foram bem menos abundantes e nao foram registradas em todas as porcoes dos reservatorios. As especies nativas foram Aylacostoma tenuilabris , Biomphalaria glabrata , B. intermedia, Physa cubensis e Pomacea canaliculata . Essas especies representaram menos de 20% das especies presentes nos reservatorios, ocorreram em abundância baixa e em densidades bem inferiores aquelas das especies exoticas, principalmente em relacao a M. tuberculata , podendo indicar o impacto das especies exoticas invasoras sobre as populacoes nativas.

Composição das espécies de moluscos bentônicos nos reservatórios do baixo rio Tietê (São Paulo, Brasil) com uma avaliação do impacto causado pelas espécies exóticas invasoras

/pdf/species-composition-of-benthic-molluscs-in-the-reservoirs-of-5740rdq3lw.pdf

Species composition of benthic molluscs in the reservoirs of Low Tietê River (São Paulo, Brazil) with an evaluation of the impact of exotic invader species

recorded in the depth of 2 m, at the superior portion of Nova Avanhandava reservoir.The other exotic species, Corbicula fluminea and Helisoma sp., were much less abundant and they were not registered in all portions of the reservoirs. The native species were Aylacostoma tenuilabris, Biomphalaria glabrata, B. intermedia, Physa cubensis and Pomacea canaliculata. These species contributed with less than 20% of the total abundance of molluscs in the reservoirs, occurring in low densities, much inferior to those of the exotic species, mainly regarding M. tuberculata, possibly indicating the impact of the exotic invader species on the native populations.

Composição das espécies de moluscos bentônicos nos r Composição das espécies de moluscos bentônicos nos r Composição das espécies de moluscos bentônicos nos r Composição das espécies de moluscos bentônicos nos reservatórios do baixo

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A malacofauna bentônica das represas do médio rio Tietê (São Paulo, Brasil) e uma avaliação ecológica das espécies exóticas invasoras, Melanoides tuberculata (Müller) e Corbicula fluminea (Müller)

Composição das espécies de moluscos bentônicos nos reservatórios do baixo rio Tietê (São Paulo, Brasil) com uma avaliação do impacto causado pelas espécies exóticas invasoras

Species composition of benthic molluscs in the reservoirs of Low Tietê River (São Paulo, Brazil) with an evaluation of the impact of exotic invader species

Composição das espécies de moluscos bentônicos nos r Composição das espécies de moluscos bentônicos nos r Composição das espécies de moluscos bentônicos nos r Composição das espécies de moluscos bentônicos nos reservatórios do baixo