Hydroponics is considered to be useful for crop growth and quality control due to precision in nutrient supply and water management. This study investigated the adaptation of a hydroponic system on a coir substrate for spring season melon cultivars. Thirteen netted domestic cultivars grown in the spring season were evaluated in a Venlo glass greenhouse. Among the 13 cultivars, ‘Santafe’, ‘PMR Dalgona’, ‘Earl’s Miracle’, ‘Earl’s Crown’, and ‘Hero’ showed soluble solids content (SSC) of 12.0 ‐ 15.5°Brix, higher than that of ‘Earl’s Prugio’, ‘Earl’s Kingstar’, and ‘Fantasy’. At the harvest stage, plant length was longer in ‘Earl’s Kingstar’, ‘Earl’s Fantasy’, ‘Earl’s Crown’, ‘Santafe’, and ‘Earl’s Aibi’ than in the other cultivars, and leaf length was longer in ‘Earl’s Kingstar’, ‘Earl’s Prugio’, ‘Santafe’, ‘Earl’s Fantasy’, and ‘PMR Dalgona’. Fruit weight was highest in ‘Earl’s Kingstar’ (2.46 kg) and lowest in ‘Santafe’ (1.59 kg), while the other cultivars including ‘Earl’s Aibi’ had almost 2 kg weight. There was a negative correlation between fruit weight and sugar content. The results from this experiment may be useful for adaptability tests of domestic cultivars grown hydroponically using coir substrates. Ultimately, this study will be used as the basis for selecting a cultivar suitable for the export market, determining plant spacing, and establishing quality stabilization for melon hydroponics. Additional key words: fruit weight, leaf length, plant length, soluble solids content (SSC)

Characteristics of Domestic Net Type Melon in Hydroponic Spring Cultivars Using Coir Substrates

This study was performed to identify the effects of changes in irrigation amounts on the ‘fruiting period’ and of irrigation electrical conductivity (EC) level by the growth period on the growth and fruit properties of melon in hydroponics, using coir substrate. The irrigation amount was regulated based on the drainage rate (%), which was 30% after transplanting. The irrigation amount during the ‘fruiting period’ was regulated to the drainage rate of 10% and 30% for the two consecutive treatments of the irrigation level, and after 40 days of fruiting, the drainage rate was maintained at an equal level of 10%. The irrigation EC level was set to three treatments; low level (1.0-1.5-1.8 dS·m -1 ), middle level (1.5-1.8-2.0 dS·m -1 ), and high level (1.8-1.8-2.3 dS·m -1 ), according to the three growth periods: flowering period, fruiting period, and 40 days after fruiting. For the changes in drainage EC, a low irrigation EC level indicated a low drainage EC level, while a lower value was shown by the 30% drainage treatment with a higher irrigation amount than by the 10% drainage treatment. The results show that leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area were the highest at 30% drainage and the irrigation EC level on the fruiting period was high, but the middle level EC showed a similar pattern without a significant difference. Thus, for the EC level, the middle level (1.5-1.8-2.0 dS·m -1 ) appears to be most suitable. The irrigation amount had more influence on fruit weight, fruit height, fruit width, and fruit shape than the EC level. Meanwhile, the 30% drainage rate group showed higher values. An increase in the irrigation EC level by growth period was found to have increased the fresh and dry weights of the plant, although the fruit sugar content showed no significant difference. The findings of this study suggest that for the hydroponics of the net melon ‘PMR Worldstar’ using coir substrate, a 30% drainage rate was more favorable for melon fruit

Effects of Irrigation Amount on Fruiting Period and EC Level by Growth Period on Growth and Quality of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Using Coir Substrate Hydroponics During Autumn Cultivation

This study was conducted to figure out the possibility of non-drainage in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) hydroponics culture. Plants were grown under 3 different levels of drainage, standard (20~40%, SD), minimum (5~10%, MD), and non-drainage (ND). Throughout cultivation periods, constant water content and electrolyte conductivity changes in root zone were observed in SD in the range of 60~70% and 1.5~2.5 dS · m−1, respectively. ND treatment caused the fluctuation in water content and electrolyte conductivity of root zone and its change ranges were 30~50% in water content and 2~6 dS · m−1 in electrolyte conductivity, but ND treatment did not decrease fruit quality. Even if fruit fresh weight was slightly lower in ND with 1,863 g, than in SD with 1,990 g, the fruit weight in ND meets standard market size, 1,800~2,000 g. Higher soluble solids content was observed in fruit in ND than in SD and MD. Total amount of drainage per plant was 27,718, 15,769 and 2,346 mL in SD, MD and ND, respectively. SD showed 83.2 m drainage, 34.5% drainage of irrigation amount whereas required total irrigation amount in ND was very low with 7 m.

https://www.koreascience.kr:443/article/JAKO201213459004397.pdf

Effects of Non-drainage Hydroponic Culture on Growth, Yield, Quality and Root Environments of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of planting density by cultivar on the growth, quality, and yield of melon (Cucumis melo L.) in hydroponics using coir substrates. Experiments were conducted using three domestic netted melon cultivars, namely ‘Earl’s Kingstar’, ‘Hero’, and ‘PMR Dalgona’. The plants were transplanted on March 19, 2019 to a venlo-type glass greenhouse. The spacing between the rows was 1.5 m and the planting density was 2.0, 2.7, and 3.3 plants/m 2 (the within-row planting distance was 0.33, 0.25, and 0.20 m, respectively); the plants were grown using slabs of equal sizes (100 × 20 × 10 cm). The electrical conductivity (EC) levels in the supplied nutrient solution were 1.8 and 2.1 dS∙m -1 after transplanting and fruit setting, respectively. The EC level in the drained solution was less than 1.0 dS∙m -1 in the early stages of growth; it increased to 3.0 dS∙m -1 in the middle stages with the increase in irrigation, and in the late stages of growth, it was about 4.0 dS∙m -1 in all the treatments. The planting density did not have any significant effect on the EC level and pH of the drained solution. An evaluation of the growth of all the three cultivars showed that the lower the planting density, the larger the stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area of the plants. The lengths from 0 to 10th node tended to be small when the planting density was 2.0 plants/m 2 , and the node length from 10th to 20th node did not differ among different plant densities. The lower the planting density, the heavier the fruit in all the three cultivars and the higher the soluble solids content. However, the yield increased by 20.8 to 32.6% as the planting density increased from 2.0 to 3.3 plants/m 2 . For ‘PMR Dalgona’, the rate of decline in average fruit weight was the lowest by 19.6% and the rate of yield increase was the highest by 32.6% when increasing the planting density from 2.0 to 3.3 plants/m 2 . For ‘Earl’s Kingstar', on the other hand, the rate of average fruit weight decreased the most by 26.8% and the rate of yield increased the least 20.8%. The heavier fruit weight had a large decrease in the average fruit weight by planting density, which showed the sensitivity of planting density depending on cultivars. Therefore, this study suggests

Effect of Planting Density by Cultivars on the Growth and Yield of Melons (Cucumis melo L.) in Hydroponics Using Coir Substrates

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the fog-cooling system on the growth and yield characteristics of two large-fruited paprika cultivars during summer cultivation season. The temperature inside the greenhouse equipped with fog-cooling system was 2-3C lower than that in the control. The results of study show the possibilities of maintaining indoor temperatures below 35C and relative humidity at the level of 80% using fogcooling system during hot seasons of the year. Plant height, fruit weight and number of fruits per plant were higher for both cultivars in the fog-cooling treatment compared to those in control. Mean fruit weight and yield per unit area were higher in the fog-cooling treatment than those in the control. However there were no significant differences in sugar content, flesh thickness and locule number of fruits due to fog-cooling system. Number of fruits with epidermal cracking was decreased in the fog-cooling system for both paprika cultivars. Mineral contents of plants such as nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), were not affected due to fog-cooling treatment. Additional key words : FDR, flesh thickness, mineral content, sugar content

Effect of Fog-cooling on the Growth and Yield of Hydroponic Paprika in Grown Summer Season

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of irrigation amount in rockwool (Dry master, Grodan Co.) and cocopeat (chip : dust = 50 : 50 included fiber) substrates on growth and fruiting of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. 'Cupra') during fruiting period. The irrigation amount during fruiting period (4 weeks after rooting) was managed by 150-75 mL/plant/time in rockwool and cocopeat slabs. The lesser irrigation amount during fruiting period resulted in lower water content in both slabs. Water content in slab remained higher at cocopeat than at rockwool. Sixty five percent water content in the slab was maintained by 112 mL/plant/time irrigation in cocopeat and 150 mL/plant/time irrigation in rockwool. The lesser irrigation amount during fruiting period caused the higher EC in root zone. EC change in the slab was dependent on the amount of irrigation. The EC change in slabs was more stable at cocopeat with 3.0-5.0 ds/m than in rockwool with 3.0-8.0 ds/m. The growth and fruit size were better and bigger at cocopeat slab than at rockwool. Lower irrigation amount in both slabs during fruiting period reduced the plant growth, fruit size, pericarp thickness and fruit weight but increased the soluble solid contents of fruits. The less irrigation amount during fruiting period appeared to reduce fruit set at rockwool but to increase fruit set at cocopeat. The fruit productivity of cocopeat slab was higher at 75-112 mL/plant/time irrigation amount than at 150 mL/plant/time.

Effect of irrigation amount in rockwool and cocopeat substrates on growth and fruiting of sweet pepper during fruiting period.

Effect of Drain Ratio during Fruiting Period on Growth and Yield of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum ‘Jubilee’) in Rockwool Culture

A new strawberry cultivar (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) 'Okmae' was developed from a cross between 'Toyonoka' and 'Maehyang'. This cultivar has a good fruit quality and suitable number of flowers per cluster for labor saving in fruit thinning. 'Gyoengnam No. 1' was selected as an elite line with vigorous plant growth, higher soluble solids content and fruit firmness after examining its characteristics and productivity in forcing cultures from 2007 to 2009. Farmer's field trial of 'Gyoengnam No. 1' was conducted in 2010 and it was registered as 'Okmae' thereafter. The general characteristics of 'Okmae' are vigorous growth habit, erect plant type, less number of leaf and elliptic leaf shape. 'Okmae' has long peduncle and 9-10 flowers per flower cluster which need less labor for fruit thinning. Fruits of 'Okmae' are conical having a bright red and glossy skin color. Although 'Okmae' has a smaller average fruit number per plant of 21.9 than that of the control cultivars, it's possible to produce high yield because of greater fruit weight of 26.0 g. 'Okmae' showed a high soluble solids content of , low acidity of 0.37%, and high firmness of . It is sensitive to anthracnose and powery mildews, but high-quality strawberry can be harvested by using effective control measure.

Breeding of Strawberry 'Okmae' for Forcing Culture with Less Labor Requirement for Fruit Thinning

This study was carried out to reduce fruits with uneven-coloration, which is a main attribute to low quality fruits in sweet pepper. To improve fruit coloration, 1, 2, or 4 mM KCl or 2 mM K2SO4 were supplied to the nutrient solution, and plant growth and fruit quality were compared with those in the control, the Grodan standard nutrient solution treatment. Levels of N, Ca, and Mg in leaves decreased, while K and Cl increased, as compared to those of the control. With the promoted uptake of K and Cl as well as the suppressed uptake of N by the KCl or K2SO4 supplement to the solution, fruit content of capsanthin and hunter value of fruit color increased, while chlorophyll content decreased, as compared to the control. As a result, percentage of unevenly colored fruits, decreased by nearly 6%. Although plant growth was slightly suppressed, yield was not affected by these treatments.

Effect of KCl or K2SO4 supplement to nutrient solution on yield and fruit quality in sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum 'special' and 'fiesta').

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Effect of irrigation amount in rockwool and cocopeat substrates on growth and fruiting of sweet pepper during fruiting period.

Effect of Drain Ratio during Fruiting Period on Growth and Yield of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum ‘Jubilee’) in Rockwool Culture

Breeding of Strawberry 'Okmae' for Forcing Culture with Less Labor Requirement for Fruit Thinning

Effect of KCl or K2SO4 supplement to nutrient solution on yield and fruit quality in sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum 'special' and 'fiesta').