Background: Kashmiri (Kashir) goat is nondescript and highly variable, medium sized, goat genetic resource of Kashmir. The goat possessing excellent survivability and is distributed in Kashmir valley. In Jammu and Kashmir, Gujjars and Bakerwals have adopted the sheep and goat rearing as their primary occupation. Body weights at different ages of life cycle of animals are important traits owing to their direct relation with farmers income.
Methods: Data on body weight and body measurements viz ear length (EL), body length (BL), body height at wither (BH), chest girth (CG) and tail length (TL) of 162 adult Kasmiri (Kashir) nondescript goats, irrespective of gender, were collected from Febuary 2019 to January 2020 to estimate the body weight from body measurements. The data were subjected to standard statistical analysis using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation was worked out to observe association among traits under study. The linear regression was utilized to predict body weight from linear body measurements.
Result: The average body weight (BW), ear length (EL), body length (BL), body height at wither (BH), chest girth (CG) and tail length (TL) of 36.94±0.99 kg, 13.13±0.36 cm, 55.48±0.43 cm, 65.93±0.62 cm, 69.61±0.73 cm and 12.94±0.15 cm, respectively were observed for Kashmiri goat in the present study. The body weight was having positive and significant correlations with BL, HW, CG and TL. The correlation of body weight with EL and TL was low. Similarly the correlation of body weight with HW was moderate whereas with BL and CG was significantly high indicating these two traits can define body weight of animal more accurately. Based on R2 (coefficient of determination) criteria, the best regression model for predicting body weight of Kashmiri goat was obtained by using combination of BL (body length) and CG (chest girth) with R2 (coefficient of determination) of 0.795. Prediction equation with R2 value of 0.806 was obtained when all traits were included in regression model where as prediction equation with R2 value of 0.589 was obtained when only chest girth was used as independent variable.


https://arccarticles.s3.amazonaws.com/PublishedArticle/Final-attachment-published-BKAP490-6089603e9087340b9bdcbbb1.pdf

Prediction of Body Weight from Linear Body Measurements in Kashmiri (Kashir) Goat

Background: Growth factors are active substances secreted by a variety of cells, acting as messengers to regulate cell migration, proliferation or differentiation, which had important regulatory roles in the growth of individual cells, tissues or organs. Growth factors can regulate the proliferation and differentiation ability of cells, which keep the internal environment stable and affect the body size. Methods: In order to investigate the influence of the changes of growth factors contents on body size in Eothenomys miletus from Hengduan mountain regions, E. miletus in Dali (DL), Jianchuan (JC), Lijiang (LJ), Xianggelila (XGLL) and Deqin (DQ) were collected and their 7 morphological indicators and 9 growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), growth hormone release inhibitory factor (GRIF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transcription elongation factor1 (TCEA1), a disintegrin and metalloprotease17 (ADAM7), branched-chain amino acid transaminase1 (BCAT1), high mobility group protein1 (HMG1) were measured. Result: The results showed that body size of E. miletus among five regions had significant differentiated, body mass, body length, forelimb length, hind limb length, tail length, IGF, bFGF, EGF, PDGF, TCEA1 contents in DL, JC and LJ were greater than those of in XGLL and DQ and the contents of GRIF, ADAM7, BCAT1 and HMG1 were also different, decreasing with the increasing of regional latitude. Moreover, the increases in the contents of growth factors lead to the increase of body size in E. miletus, which does not support Bergman's law. Regional differences in body size of E. miletus in different regions may be related to the changes in body mass, morphological indicators and the content of growth factors. Moreover, growth factors may affect the body size of E. miletus by affecting the proliferation of bone, epidermis, muscle and differentiation of cells.


Body Size Effect in Eothenomys miletus of Different Regions from Hengduan Mountain Regions: Roles of Growth Factor Contents

The Indonesian government designated the Sakub sheep as a local breed in 2022, and it is mainly cultivated in Brebes Regency, Central Java. This study investigates the growth patterns and morphometric characteristics of Sakub sheep as a local breed in the Brebes Regency. The data were collected from 195 healthy and non-pregnant female Sakub sheep reared by smallholder farmers. The sheep were categorized into eight age groups, and various morphometric measurements were performed, followed by descriptive data analysis. The results showed that body weight (BW), chest width (CW), and chest depth (CD) experienced optimal growth until 36–48 months with average body weight and size of 47.34 kg, 21.76 cm, and 35.35 cm, respectively. The body size of heart girth (HG), body length (BL), and hip height (HH) grew optimally for 7–12 months at 80.40, 64.73, and 65.08 cm, respectively. Wither height (WH) and hip-width (HW) growth were optimal for 12–24 months at 67.27 and 15.77 cm, respectively, gradually developing into maturity. In conclusion, this study showed the rapid growth of female Sakub sheep, indicating that body weight and size (CW and CD) generally grew to maturity. In contrast, the growth pattern of body size related to BL, WH, HH, and HW showed rapid growth from birth to puberty, followed by a decline in development rate at post-puberty. The body weight of female Sakub sheep has a positive and significant correlation to all linear body sizes, but in different age categories, the correlation weakens with age.

Growth Patterns and Morphometric Characteristics of Female Sakub Sheep Reared by Smallholder Farmers in Brebes Regency of Central Java, Indonesia

&lt;p class="Default"&gt;Measurements of live weight in goats and sheep are an important source of information for a range of scientific fields and applications in animal husbandry activities. The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between body weight and body measurements and to predict live body weight from body measurements in indigenous Matabele goats and indigenous Sabi sheep at Matopos Research Station in Zimbabwe. For this purpose, data on body weight (BWT) and linear body measurements (LBM) such as heart girth (HG), body length (BL), wither height (WTH) and rump height (RH) were collected from randomly selected females of each species of the age of 4 years. The corresponding means, standard deviations (SD), and coefficients of variation (CV) were determined for body weight and linear body measurements. Bivariate correlations between bodyweight and linear body measures characteristics were also determined. Simple and multiple regression were used to develop a model to predict BWT using linear body measures. Indigenous Matabele goat females’ CV ranged from 15.77% to 22.68%, while indigenous Sabi sheep females’ CV ranged from 19.16% to 19.37%. The CV was calculated by dividing the mean by the standard deviation. At 4 years of age, the mean BWT of the indigenous Sabi sheep and female Matabele goat were 35.96 ± 0.83 kg and 27.90 ± 0.66 kg, respectively. In indigenous Matabele goat females, the average linear body measures were HW (74.20 ± 0.53 cm), WTH (48.55 ± 0.53 cm), BL (47.53 ± 0.61 cm), and RH (57.50 ± 0.88 cm). The mean values for native Sabi sheep were 63.33 ± 0.70 cm, WTH (52.00 ± 0.80 cm), BL (51.26 ± 0.78 cm), and HW (85.56 ± 1.04 cm). The results showed a strong and positive correlation between BWT and linear body measures in female indigenous Matabele goats. The phenotypic correlation values were HG (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.79), BL (r = 0.70), WTH (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.68), and RH (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.56), in decreasing order. In indigenous Sabi sheep the phenotypic correlation for BWT and linear body measurement was high and positive for HG (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.73) with positive and moderate to low with WTH (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.41), BL (&lt;em&gt;r =&lt;/em&gt; 0.32) and RH (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.36). Again, the results also indicated that HG had a high and positive phenotypic correlation with BL (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.53) while modest correlation was observed with HG and WTH (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.41) and HG and RH (0.32). The optimal regression models for easily measuring body weight using HHG are BWT = −46.711 + 1.006HG (&lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 60%) and BWT = −15.209 + 0.586HG (&lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 53%) for indigenous Matabele goats and indigenous Sabi sheep, respectively. It is recommended that smallholder farmers use HG measurements to estimate body weight in both indigenous Sabi sheep and indigenous Matabele goat females at the age of 4 years.&lt;/p&gt; 

Species dependent correlation analysis and regression models of body weight on linear body measures in indigenous sheep and goats of Zimbabwe

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Prediction of Body Weight from Linear Body Measurements in Kashmiri (Kashir) Goat