The construction of magnetic hydroxyapatite-functionalized pig manure-derived biochar for the efficient uranium separation

An iron-impeded geopolymer (Fe/GP) was synthesized from natural ferruginous kaolinite and optical waste for enhanced decontamination of Congo red (CR) dye. The adsorption properties of Fe/GP were assessed using an advanced monolayer equilibrium model of one energy (R2 > 0.99). Fe/GP possessed an active site density of 391.3 mg/g, which induced an adsorption capacity of 634 mg/g at the saturation state. The number of adsorbed CR molecules per site (n = 1.56–1.62) reflected the possible uptake of two molecules per site via a multimolecular mechanism. The adsorption energy (5.12–5.7 kJ/mol) reflected the physical adsorption of the CR molecules via hydrogen bonding and/or van der Waals forces. As a catalyst, notable activity toward photo-Fenton oxidation was achieved even at high CR concentrations. Complete oxidation was observed after 30 (CR concentration: 10 mg/L), 50 (20 mg/L), 80 (30 mg/L), 120 (40 mg/L), and 140 min (50 mg/L). High oxidation efficiency was achieved using 0.1 g/L Fe/GP, 0.1 mL of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and a visible light source. Increasing the Fe/GP dosage to 0.3 g/L resulted in complete oxidation of CR (100 mg/L) after 220 min. Therefore, synthetic Fe/GP can be used as a low-cost and superior catalyst and adsorbent for the removal of CR-based contaminants via adsorption or advanced oxidation processes.

Enhanced Congo Red Adsorption and Photo-Fenton Oxidation over an Iron-Impeded Geopolymer from Ferruginous Kaolinite: Steric, Energetic, Oxidation, and Synergetic Studies

Novel Mg-doped hydroxyapatite nanofibers (Mg.HAPNFs) were synthesized using inexpensive natural phosphorite and a facile method. The as-synthesized Mg.HAPNFs were characterized using several analytical methods and used as excellent adsorbent for Zn2+ ions and malachite green (MG) dye. The experimental adsorption capacities of the as-synthesized Mg.HAPNFs for Zn2+ ions and MG dye were 441.2 and 635.1 mg/g, respectively, whereas the theoretical adsorption capacities at saturation were 458.7 and 673.5 mg/g, respectively. The kinetics of the Mg.HAPNFs adsorption reactions for Zn2+ ions and MG dye were described using the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. A homogeneous monolayer mechanism for the adsorption of Zn2+ ions and MG dye molecules onto Mg.HAPNFs was proposed by fitting the experimental data with the theoretical Langmuir isotherm. The advanced equilibrium study of the Mg.HAPNF–Zn2+ and Mg.HAPNF–MG adsorption systems demonstrated that each active site of Mg.HAPNF vertically adsorbed three Zn2+ ions (n = 2.04) and two MG dye molecules (n = 1.92) via multi-ionic processes. The effective density of adsorption sites of Mg.HAPNFs for MG dye (547.78 mg/g) was higher than that for Zn2+ ions (224.56 mg/g). The Gaussian energies (4.20 kJ/mol (Zn2+ ions) and 5.37 kJ/mol (MG dye)), adsorption energies (−5.4 kJ/mol (Zn2+ ions) and − 17.85 kJ/mol (MG dye)), and experimental data for the Mg.HAPNF adsorbent indicated that adsorption involved several physical and chemical mechanisms (i.e., hydrogen bonding, dissolution–precipitation, van der Waals forces, ion exchange, and dipole–dipole interactions). Thermodynamic studies revealed that Mg.HAPNFs spontaneously and exothermically adsorbed Zn2+ ions and MG dye molecules. 

Advanced equilibrium study on the synthesis and characterization of Mg-doped hydroxyapatite nano-fibers as a potential enhanced adsorbent of Zn (II) and malachite green dye

A multifunctional, highly efficient, 1D/2D Polypyrrole nanotubes@pg-C3N4 binary nanocomposite was prepared using a one-pot ultra-sonication approach. The influence of 1D and 2D nanomaterials on the behavior of developed PPy-NTs-based nanocomposite for eliminating Hg2+ ions was explored. The developed nanocomposite revealed greater adsorption performance to eliminate Hg2+ions from contaminated water. The PPy-NTs/pg-C3N4 potential as an excellent sorbent for the removal of Hg2+ and possible mechanisms were assessed using batch experiments involving multiple factors that can also optimize the maximum adsorption conditions that were found to be at pH = 5, 1 h stirring time, and 0.5 g/L adsorbent dosage. The maximum Hg2+ absorption capacity reached was 197 mg/g. The data were well fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which indicates that the chemisorption process controls the Hg2+ ions adsorption onto the pg-C3N4/PPy-NTs. The four adsorption isotherms models were applied to analyze the adsorption of Hg2+ ions on the developed adsorbent. The data were well described with Freundlich isotherm, revealing the presence of heterogeneous adsorption sites. The effect of temperature and thermodynamic considerations were investigated, showing that Hg2+ ion adsorption is endothermic. Additionally, the prepared material was explored for the supercapacitor application. It delivered an outstanding electrochemical supercapacitor performance and remarkable cycling stability. 

Design of multifunctional 1D/2D polypyrrole nanotubes@pg-C3N4 binary nanocomposite for removal of mercury (Hg2+) from wastewater and supercapacitor applications

Advances in zeolite-based materials for dye removal: Current trends and future prospects

Synthesis of novel nanoporous zinc phosphate/hydroxyapatite nano-rods (ZPh/HPANRs) core/shell for enhanced adsorption of Ni2+ and Co2+ ions: characterization and application

Tailoring the synergistic effect of integrated polypyrrole hydrogel on the adsorption activity of rice husk-based activated carbon (polypyrrole/activated carbon composite) for bisphenol-A and 4-chlorophenol: experimental and theoretical analysis

Zeolite-A was synthesized successfully from kaolinite and hybridized with two species of biopolymers (chitosan (CH/Z) and β-cyclodextrin (CD/Z)). The obtained hybridized forms were assessed as potential adsorbents of Congo red synthetic dye (CR) with enhanced affinities and elimination capacities. The synthesized CD/Z and CH/Z hybrids demonstrated uptake capacities of 223.6 and 208.7 mg/g, which are significantly higher than single-phase zeolite-A (140.3 mg/g). The integrated polymers change the surface area, surface reactivity, and number of free active receptors that are already present. The classic isotherm investigations validate Langmuir equilibrium behavior for ZA and Freundlich properties for CD/Z and CH/Z. The steric parameters validate a strong increase in the existing active receptors after the incorporation of CD (CD/Z) to be 98.1 mg/g as compared to 83 mg/g for CH/Z and 60.6 mg/g for ZA, which illustrate the detected uptake behaviors. Moreover, the CR dye was adsorbed as several molecules per single site, reflecting the vertical uptake of these molecules by multimolecular mechanisms. The energetic assessment, considering both Gaussian energies and adsorption energies (<40 kJ/mol), validates the dominant impact of the physical mechanism during the sequestration of CR (dipole binding interactions (2–29 kJ/mol) and hydrogen bonds (<30 kJ/mol)), in addition to the considerable effect of ion exchange processes. Based on the thermodynamic parameters, the CR molecules were adsorbed by exothermic and spontaneous reactions.

Steric, Synergetic, Energetic Studies on the Impact of the Type of the Hybridized Polymers (Chitosan and β-Cyclodextrin) on the Adsorption Properties of Zeolite-A for Congo Red Dye

Characterization and Statistical Physics Modeling of Two Coal Hybridized Nanostructures with Two Forms of Polyaniline (Nanofibers Hydrogel and Nanorods) as Adsorbents for Toxic 4-Chlorophenol

Characterization of CuO mediated emeraldine base polyaniline/coal hydrogel as photocatalyst for enhanced decontamination of Ibuprofen residuals

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